must和have to的区别
1、强调重点不同:两者都表示“必须”,但must侧重于说话者的主观看法,have to则侧重指客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。must是强调说话者的要求;用have to强调的是客观实际的需要。
2、所用时态不同:must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而 have to则有多种时态形式。如:He said she must go with me. 他说她必须同我一起去。除在宾语从句中表示过去可用 must 之外,其他表示过去的情况一般只用 had to。
3、非限定形式不同:have to可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式,而must则没有这些形式。如:I hate to have to get up in the morning. 我真不愿意早上非得起来不可。
4、动词搭配不同:根据语义的需要,have to可以与情态动词搭配使用,而must本身作为情态动词,显然不能这样用。He may have to cancel the plan. 他可能需要打消这个计划。
If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station. 假如我们赶不上这班火车,我们就得在车站再等一小时。
5、否定式的意义不同:must 的否定式 mustn’t 意为“一定不要”“不允许”;而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 意为“不必”(=needn’t)。比较:
You mustn’t tell him about it. 你一定不要告诉他这件事。(这可能是秘密)
You needn’t tell him about it. 你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了)
在正式的规章制度中用must和must not表示警告、警示:
例: Bookings must be made at least seven days before departure.
口语中通常用must和mustn't来建议将来某事的大致安排,例如安排会议和社交等,不带活动细节
例:We must get together more often.
对过去发生事情给出结论用must + have done
例:That's not Clara's car. She must have borrowed it from her parents.
对说话同时发生事情的判断和结论,用must be doing
例:I can't hear a noise. You must be imagining things.
对将来可能发生事情的判断或结论,用must be going to或must be doing
例:'What are all those workmen doing?' 'I think they must be going to dig up the road.'
口语中对当下事件的结论用must be或have (got) to be
例:Their goalkeeper has got to be at least two metres tall! (或...must be...)
根据当下已知的情况总结判断某事该如何操作进行用must have to,如果发生在过去用must have had to
例:I can't access the database. You must have to put in a password.
提问后如果期待得到否定的回答,用have (got) to,如果是正式提问可以用must
例:Do we have to answer all the questions? (或者Have we got to ...?更正式的话为Must we...?)
问句暗示批评的时候用have to, must也可以,但是比较老派
例:Do you have to play your trumpet here? It's deafening!
have to和have got to近似,但在频率副词后用have to
例:I often have to work at the weekend to get everything done.
过去时的疑问和否定句用had to
例:When did you have to give it back? (不能用When had you got to give it back?)
如果have跟主语人称代词缩写,必须加got
例:I need a new pair of shoes, and they've got to be blue. (不能用...they've to be...)
have got to不能情态动词连用
例:Motorist will have to wait until next year to use the bridge. (不能用Motorists will have got to wait...)
1. 强调重点不同:两者都表示“必须”,但 must 侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;have to 则重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意。如:
You must go now. (I want you togo now) 你必须现在就走。
I must stop smoking. (I want tostop smoking) 我必须戒烟。
If I buy that car, I’ll have toborrow some money. 如果我要买那辆汽车,我得借些钱。
2. 时态形式不同:一般说来,must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而have to 则有多种时态形式。如:
He said she must go with me. 他说她必须同我一起去。
We had to borrow a lot of money. 我们不得不要借一大笔钱。
She has had to sell her house. 她不得不把房子卖掉。
除在宾语从句中表示过去可用 must 之外,其他表示过去的情况一般只用 had to。
3. have to 可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式,而 must 则没有这些形式。如:
I only saw her in the evening,having to be away all day. 我因整天得外出,所以只能晚上见到她。
I regret to have to trouble youagain. 我很抱歉不得不再麻烦你一次。
4. 否定式的含义不同:must 的否定式 mustn’t 意为“不准”、“不允许”;而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 意为“不必”(=needn’t)。如:
You mustn’t do it. 你不准做它。
You don’t have to do it. 你不必做它。
2、所用时态不同:must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而 have to则有多种时态形式。如:He said she must go with me. 他说她必须同我一起去。除在宾语从句中表示过去可用 must 之外,其他表示过去的情况一般只用 had to。
3、非限定形式不同:have to可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式,而must则没有这些形式。如:I hate to have to get up in the morning. 我真不愿意早上非得起来不可。
4、动词搭配不同:根据语义的需要,have to可以与情态动词搭配使用,而must本身作为情态动词,显然不能这样用。He may have to cancel the plan. 他可能需要打消这个计划。
If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station. 假如我们赶不上这班火车,我们就得在车站再等一小时。
5、否定式的意义不同:must 的否定式 mustn’t 意为“一定不要”“不允许”;而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 意为“不必”(=needn’t)。比较:
You mustn’t tell him about it. 你一定不要告诉他这件事。(这可能是秘密)
You needn’t tell him about it. 你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了)
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