
我是英语专业的,请问一下怎么用语言学分析句子结构啊???谢谢啦。呵呵。。。
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语言学有不同的流派的。不同的流派有不同的分析方法。传统语法是把句子分析成主谓宾等;楼上两位是从句法方面来分,一个s 由 NP 和VP组成,NP VP也可以再划分,直到最小成分;韩礼德就否定了sentence的概念,只有小句(clause)的概念,一个完整的clause是由theme(主位)和rheme(述位)构成的,这种分法更看重“意义”,也被称为“语篇语言学”。语言学是不断发展的,以前注重词等小片段,但现在语篇语言学的研究越来越多。你的问题没具体到一个流派,没法回答。
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在Syntax一章
The traditional S rule:
S → NP VP
This rule combines an NP with a VP to produce a sentence which does not have an internal structure containing a head, a complement and a specifier.
The revised S rule:
InflP(=S)→NP Infl VP
XP→Spec X Complement
This rule takes inflection as the head which takes an NP as its specifier and a VP as its complement.
The traditional S rule:
S → NP VP
This rule combines an NP with a VP to produce a sentence which does not have an internal structure containing a head, a complement and a specifier.
The revised S rule:
InflP(=S)→NP Infl VP
XP→Spec X Complement
This rule takes inflection as the head which takes an NP as its specifier and a VP as its complement.
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