Question

关于分词做伴随状语和后置定语的问题

我一直以来是这么理解的，请帮我看一下我的理解有没有误：
分词做伴随状语时，逻辑主语是句子的主语，要用逗号隔开。
现在分词：She held several records,earning them when she was 7.
过去分词：I wrote the sang,inspired by kim.
两个句子的主语分别是She和I
分词做后置定语时则不加逗号，修饰其最近的名词。
可是今天遇到了例外，一个是She held speed records,earning them at a time that aviation was so new.
解释说earning跟records离得很近，会造成earning修饰records的错误。可是earning不是本来就该修饰she吗？
另外一个是She held speed records,earned at a time that aviation was so new.
这里解释又说earned是在就近修饰records了。这不就跟上一个句子矛盾了吗？
这个逗号加不加到底有没有影响呢？

Answer 1

伴随状语相当于两个独立句子。
She held several records, earning them when she was 7. =She held several records.① She earned them when she was 7②
I wrote the sang, inspired by Kim. =I wrote the sang.① I was inspired by Kim②
后置定语相当于定语从句，可以还原为that/which/who等引导的形式，修饰前面的某个名词。是一个句子。
There were some children swimming in the river. = There were some children who were swimming in the river.
She held speed records, earning them at a time that aviation was so new. 这是一个现在分词，是主动语态，说明两个动作主语相同，很明显属于伴随状语，可以拆分为独立的两个句子：She held speed records① She earned them at a time that aviation was so new②
She held speed records, earned at a time that aviation was so new. 这是一个过去分词，表被动语态，很明显是在说recoreds，因为只有records才能be earned，是主语she来earn这个recoreds。是后置定语，相当于She held speed records which were earned at a time that aviation was so new.
逗号和定语/状语没有绝对的对应关系，不能用逗号作为判断是定语还是状语的依据。

Answer 2

非谓语东子作为修饰语，如果过长，可以逗号将它与被修饰的部分隔开；如果短小精悍，直接和被修饰的部分连接，不用标点隔开。