定语从句中which和where的区别
8个回答
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一、区别
关键是看从句中的动词。
1)如果是及物动词(顾名思义,就是必须要接物做宾语的动词,或能用做被动的动词),则表明从句缺宾语,修饰物用which.
2)如动词是不及物(顾名思义就是不需要接物做宾语的或要接宾语时前面必须要加介词的,即用介宾的动词),则说明从句不缺宾语,可能是状语(或介宾)。表地点用where.时间用when.
二、例句
1)This is the town which I wanted to visit most.
这就是我曾经最想参观的城镇。
由于定语从句中谓语部分的动词visit缺少宾语,因此填入的关系词要充当它的宾语,故用关系代词which。
2)This is the town where I was born.
这就是我出生的城镇。
定语从句“I was born”不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where,这里where充当地点状语,修饰was born。
3) Literature is the place where the past meets the present to contemplate the future.
在文学作品里,过去与现实交汇,以思考未来。
这里,先行词place表示地点,而且定语从句中不缺少主语和宾语,需要的是一个地点状语修饰meets,因而,此处用where来引导定语从句。
4) In fact, there are now so many deer that some are being sent to places which would like to return this kind of deer to the wild.
事实上,现在鹿群数量过多,以至于有些鹿被送到能使其回到野外的一些地方。
这句话中,先行词places是表示地点的名词,但是由于定语从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词which来引导,而不使用关系副词where来引导。
关键是看从句中的动词。
1)如果是及物动词(顾名思义,就是必须要接物做宾语的动词,或能用做被动的动词),则表明从句缺宾语,修饰物用which.
2)如动词是不及物(顾名思义就是不需要接物做宾语的或要接宾语时前面必须要加介词的,即用介宾的动词),则说明从句不缺宾语,可能是状语(或介宾)。表地点用where.时间用when.
二、例句
1)This is the town which I wanted to visit most.
这就是我曾经最想参观的城镇。
由于定语从句中谓语部分的动词visit缺少宾语,因此填入的关系词要充当它的宾语,故用关系代词which。
2)This is the town where I was born.
这就是我出生的城镇。
定语从句“I was born”不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where,这里where充当地点状语,修饰was born。
3) Literature is the place where the past meets the present to contemplate the future.
在文学作品里,过去与现实交汇,以思考未来。
这里,先行词place表示地点,而且定语从句中不缺少主语和宾语,需要的是一个地点状语修饰meets,因而,此处用where来引导定语从句。
4) In fact, there are now so many deer that some are being sent to places which would like to return this kind of deer to the wild.
事实上,现在鹿群数量过多,以至于有些鹿被送到能使其回到野外的一些地方。
这句话中,先行词places是表示地点的名词,但是由于定语从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词which来引导,而不使用关系副词where来引导。
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在表示地点或抽象地点时可以互相转换。如:
(2005上海)If a shop has chairs_______women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. 此处选where,等于on which
(2003上海)I can think of many cases_______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
本题中的先行词是表示抽象地点的cases(实例,情况),定语从句中不缺主语或宾语,用关系副词where或in which,故选D.
但在某些词组中的介词提前,不能用where。如:
He bought the book in which he was interested. 不能用where
(2005上海)If a shop has chairs_______women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. 此处选where,等于on which
(2003上海)I can think of many cases_______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
本题中的先行词是表示抽象地点的cases(实例,情况),定语从句中不缺主语或宾语,用关系副词where或in which,故选D.
但在某些词组中的介词提前,不能用where。如:
He bought the book in which he was interested. 不能用where
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一般来说相应的介词+which 就等同于where,如The shool where i studied in my childhood is very beautifui 。其中的where 可以用in which 替换。这是对于定于从句而言的。因为where 前有了先行词 school,如果是状语从句就不可以用in which 替换。如Let me take you where you live。总的来说where引导定语从句即前面有先行词是,一般可以换成介词+which,例如:
1.You should make a mark where you have any questions.
2.You should make a mark at the place where you have any questions.
这两句话意思相同,可1是状语从句,2是定语从句,区别在于1句中没有先行词place,状语从句中where引导的句子做地点状语。记住where引导定语从句时前面是有先行词的,而状语从句where前则没有。状语有时间状语(last year ,yesterday.等等)和地点状语。1句就是地点状语;宾语有动词的宾语和介词的宾语, My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语,computer是直接宾语)
He is playing football now他正在踢足球。(名词football 作宾语)
We all like him.(代词him作宾语)
清楚了吗?
1.You should make a mark where you have any questions.
2.You should make a mark at the place where you have any questions.
这两句话意思相同,可1是状语从句,2是定语从句,区别在于1句中没有先行词place,状语从句中where引导的句子做地点状语。记住where引导定语从句时前面是有先行词的,而状语从句where前则没有。状语有时间状语(last year ,yesterday.等等)和地点状语。1句就是地点状语;宾语有动词的宾语和介词的宾语, My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语,computer是直接宾语)
He is playing football now他正在踢足球。(名词football 作宾语)
We all like him.(代词him作宾语)
清楚了吗?
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不行。
在此句中,visit是及物动词,which在从句中做动词visit的宾语。where是关系副词,不能在从句中做主语或宾语。
如果从句中缺的是状语,就可以用where. 如把这句话改成:
This is a place where I have long wanted to go.
go是不及物动词,所以where在从句中做状语。
在此句中,visit是及物动词,which在从句中做动词visit的宾语。where是关系副词,不能在从句中做主语或宾语。
如果从句中缺的是状语,就可以用where. 如把这句话改成:
This is a place where I have long wanted to go.
go是不及物动词,所以where在从句中做状语。
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1、which引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语,宾语或是表语。
where引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作地点状语,where=介词+which.
如:
I
grew
up
in
the
small
village
where
I
was
born.(where引导定语从句,先行词是village,且在从句中作地点状语)
I
grew
up
in
the
small
village
which
I
was
born
in.(which引导定语从句,先行词是village,且在从句中作in的宾语)
I
grew
up
where
I
was
born.(where引导地点状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语)
2、不及物动词带上了介词就不可用where来引导定语从句。
如:
This
is
the
house
where
Luxun
once
lived.
=This
is
the
house
(which/that)
Luxun
once
lived
in.
=This
is
the
house
in
which
Luxun
once
lived.
上面例句不难看出:
a、关系副词where在定语从句中相当于in
the
house,而in
the
house在从句中是介词短语作状语的。所以关系副词where相当于从句中的状语。
b、关系代词which在从句中是介词in的宾语,live是不及物动词,不能跟宾语,要跟宾语只能和介词in搭配,然后再跟介词宾语。
c、再看先行词the
house,我们可以把它看成“物”,所以用关系代词which,这时它在从句中必须是主语或宾语(包括介词宾语)。
d、我们也可以把house看成“地点”,所以用关系副词where,但这时where必须在从句中充当一个地点,就是例句中的in
the
house。
3、所以说,where是关系副词,在句中充当地点状语,但which是关系代词,充当从句的主语或宾语。
where引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作地点状语,where=介词+which.
如:
I
grew
up
in
the
small
village
where
I
was
born.(where引导定语从句,先行词是village,且在从句中作地点状语)
I
grew
up
in
the
small
village
which
I
was
born
in.(which引导定语从句,先行词是village,且在从句中作in的宾语)
I
grew
up
where
I
was
born.(where引导地点状语从句,且在从句中作地点状语)
2、不及物动词带上了介词就不可用where来引导定语从句。
如:
This
is
the
house
where
Luxun
once
lived.
=This
is
the
house
(which/that)
Luxun
once
lived
in.
=This
is
the
house
in
which
Luxun
once
lived.
上面例句不难看出:
a、关系副词where在定语从句中相当于in
the
house,而in
the
house在从句中是介词短语作状语的。所以关系副词where相当于从句中的状语。
b、关系代词which在从句中是介词in的宾语,live是不及物动词,不能跟宾语,要跟宾语只能和介词in搭配,然后再跟介词宾语。
c、再看先行词the
house,我们可以把它看成“物”,所以用关系代词which,这时它在从句中必须是主语或宾语(包括介词宾语)。
d、我们也可以把house看成“地点”,所以用关系副词where,但这时where必须在从句中充当一个地点,就是例句中的in
the
house。
3、所以说,where是关系副词,在句中充当地点状语,但which是关系代词,充当从句的主语或宾语。
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