Question

would have done 用法

The president, flanked by Secretary of State John Kerry and vice President Joe Biden, down played the claimed economic benefits of the pipeline, arguing it wouldn't have lowered U.S. gas prices, created long-term jobs or reduced U.S. dependency on foreign energy. 这句话里面wouldn't have lowered这句话是什么意思，为什么用have done形式？

Answer 1

wouldn't have done 表示不会做某事，但是实际上做了。文章中的意思是本来不会降低美国的油气价格。

would have done

1. 是一个固定虚拟语气的用法。

2. 表示对过去事情的假设，意为“本来想做、要做但没做”，使用时大多会给出导致没做成或会这样做的条件。

3. 英汉例句1：

   If I had a chance，I would have set off on a journey round the world.
   要是有机会，我早就环游世界了。（也可译为对现在的虚拟“要是有机会，我会环游世界”）
   

4. 英汉例句2：

   I would have told you the story about him, but you were not home.

   我本来可以告诉你关于他的故事，但是你不在家。（由于：你不在家”这样的条件下，没有告诉关于他的的故事。）
   

5.would have done与if连用

例句：If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.

如果那天我不忙，我会和他们一起去那儿。（事实上表示没有由于忙，而没有去。）

在这里也可以不用if

如：I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. 

我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。

6.文章中lower 在这里作为动词，“降低”的意思。

Answer 2

would not have lowered 是说 这个事情 在讨论之前就发生了。
你如果换成 would not lower 就是说 在 arguing 之后发生

Answer 3

过去将来完成时 
should / would have done sth.
用法 
1、 过去将来完成时表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作,并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响.
We hoped that she would have got the plan ready before we came back.我们希望她能在我们回来 之前把计划做好.
He said he would let me have the book as soon as he had read it.他说书一看完就借给我.
2、 过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反.如：
If I had seen him this anteroom,I would have told him about it.今天下午我要是见到他,我会 
告诉他那件事的.