Question

请英语高手帮忙翻译一段文章，文章有点长，小弟表示歉意，不要用翻译器翻译的，非常感谢！

Traffic Volume
The role of the traffic engineer is to enable all traffic to travel on the road at a reasonable speed and with an appropriate degree of safety. This is not the loading that is used in the Pavement Design. These values are used to determine the road width only.
With relation to the volume of traffic using the road, the passenger car is adopted as the standard unit and other vehicles are assessed in terms of passenger car units (pcu).
Differences in the urban and rural situations arise due to the variation of speeds in the two areas. Decisions on road width are not normally made on total traffic flow per day as this is misleading but rather on the peak hourly flow. In Britain the maximum permissible flow is 3,000 pcu/h for a two lane dual carriageway and 4,500 pcu/h for a three lane dual carriageway (motorway). For all purpose roads with junctions these figures reduce to 1,100 ‘‘and 1,900 pcu/h respectively.
Where the road is new, studies must be carried out to estimate the volume of traffic expected to use the road. Where the new road replaces existing roads this is not too difficult. If however the road is expected to change the flow of traffic then analysis should be carried out as to the volume and constitution of traffic on the new road. Matters are further complicated if the road is very long or provides access to or from a large town. Computer methods are now available to aid in this process. The constitution of traffic on the new road is of interest to the pavement engineer.
Traffic Loading
In this section, we will discuss the traffic loading that is taken forward to the pavement design section. Unlike in the above section where Passenger Car Units were the reference unit, we will work in Standard Axles. This is a reference unit to determine the average loading on a pavement by what is known as the standard axle. This then allows a total loading over the life of the pavement to be determined, normally in Millions of Standard Axles (msa).

Answer 1

Traffic Volume
【交通量】
The role of the traffic engineer is to enable all traffic to travel on the road at a reasonable speed and with an appropriate degree of safety. This is not the loading that is used in the Pavement Design. These values are used to determine the road width only.
【交通工程师的职责是让整个交通以在合适的安全度下以合理的速度在道路上运行。这样的一个“承载量”并非我们在铺路设计中所应用的那个“承载力”，这些数值仅仅是用来确定路面宽度。】
With relation to the volume of traffic using the road, the passenger car is adopted as the standard unit and other vehicles are assessed in terms of passenger car units (pcu).
【与道路使用的交通流量有关，客运车被当作标准参照，其他车辆则以“客运车单位(pcu)”来进行描述。】
Differences in the urban and rural situations arise due to the variation of speeds in the two areas. Decisions on road width are not normally made on total traffic flow per day as this is misleading but rather on the peak hourly flow. In Britain the maximum permissible flow is 3,000 pcu/h for a two lane dual carriageway and 4,500 pcu/h for a three lane dual carriageway (motorway). For all purpose roads with junctions these figures reduce to 1,100 ‘‘and 1,900 pcu/h respectively.
【城市与农村两个区域运输速度的不同导致了他们状况的差异。道路宽度的确定并非由通常每天的总流量来确定，因为这在运输高峰期时完全就是一种误导。在英国，二车道通行的双向车道最大通行量是3000客车单位/小时，而三车道通行的双向车道(高速公路)则是4500客车单位/小时。而在那些带有路口的路上，这两项数据分别减少为1100客车单位/小时和1900客车单位/小时。】
Where the road is new, studies must be carried out to estimate the volume of traffic expected to use the road. Where the new road replaces existing roads this is not too difficult. If however the road is expected to change the flow of traffic then analysis should be carried out as to the volume and constitution of traffic on the new road. Matters are further complicated if the road is very long or provides access to or from a large town. Computer methods are now available to aid in this process. The constitution of traffic on the new road is of interest to the pavement engineer.
【当道路新造成的时候，为了预计道路的使用情况，就必须通过进行研究对交通量进行估计。如果新道路是用来替代旧道路，那么这项工作并非很困难的事情。然而，如果新道路的预期是要改变交通流量，那么应该就新路交通流量和交通结构进行分析。如果道路非常长，或者道路是通往大的城镇，那么分析工作还会变得更加复杂。现在计算机方法已经被应用到这种分析过程中，新道路的建设是路面工程师所关注的。】
Traffic Loading
【交通负载】
In this section, we will discuss the traffic loading that is taken forward to the pavement design section. Unlike in the above section where Passenger Car Units were the reference unit, we will work in Standard Axles. This is a reference unit to determine the average loading on a pavement by what is known as the standard axle. This then allows a total loading over the life of the pavement to be determined, normally in Millions of Standard Axles (msa).
【在本章节，我们将会讨论交通负载 路面设计部分。这里并不想前面章节那样用“客车单位”来作为参考单位，我们使用“标准车轴(Standard Axles)”来计算。“标准车轴”是一个用于确定路面平均负载的参考单位。这个参数一确定，路面在整个工作寿命期间的总负载也随之确定，计数单位通常使用“百万标准车轴(msa)”。】

1 pcu/h=1 客车单位/小时

手译，部分专业名词有待考证，希望回答对你有帮助

Answer 2

交通量

道路工程师的作用是使一切交通旅游在路上,速度较合理和适度的安全。这不是装运,用于路面设计。这些价值观用于确定路幅宽度而已。

关系着使用的数据量的道路上,客车采用单位和其他车辆标准方面进行了评估轿车单位(pcu)。

城乡差异情况的发生是因速度的变化在两个方面。路幅宽度决定,正常情况下是不了每天总交通流这是误导而是在高峰小时流量。在英国,是3,000 pcu最大允许的流动/小时以两个弄双行车道和4500 pcu / h三个弄双行车道(高速公路的)。所有这些数字连接目的高等级公路、减少到1,100”和1900 pcu /小时的分别。

那里的道路是新的,研究估计必须进行大量的交通希望用马路。在这条新公路取代现有道路这不是太难。如果你安排邮递公司将对改变的道路交通流量分析,应进行数量和宪法上的交通流量新路。如果更加复杂问题的路还很长或提供存取到或从一个大的城镇。计算机方法现在可以帮助这一过程。宪法上的交通流量新公路的兴趣到人行道上,工程师。

交通加载

在这一节中,我们将讨论交通加载那被期待路面设计部分。不同于上述章节在客车单位参考单元中,我们将工作在标准轴。这是一个参考单位确定平均加载在人行道上是被称为标准车桥。这就会让总加载超过生活在人行道上,通常在数百万确定的标准轴(msa)。

Answer 3

交通量
交通工程师的作用是使所有车辆在路上旅行在一个合理的速度和适当程度的安全性
这不是说在路面设计使用载荷。这些值用于确定道路宽度仅
由于关系到使用该道路的交通量，客车采用作为标准单位及其他车辆在客车单位（PCU的评估
在城市和农村形势出现分歧由于速度的变化在这两个地区。道路宽度决定不是通常每天总流量的交通，因为这是一种误导而作出的峰值每小时流量。在英国，最大允许流量为3000 PCU的/小时的双线双程分隔车道，并为4500 PCU的三线双程分隔车道（高速公路/小时。对于所有的目的道路路口这些数字减少到1100 ''和PCU的1,900 /小时，分别。
凡路是新的，研究必须进行估算的交通量预计将使用的道路。凡新路取代现有的道路，这是不是太困难

Answer 4

Traffic Volume
交通流量
The role of the traffic engineer is to enable all traffic to travel on the road at a reasonable speed and with an appropriate degree of safety. This is not the loading that is used in the Pavement Design. These values are used to determine the road width only.
道路工程师的工作是去保证道路上交通行驶速度合理，并且处于一个比较合适的安全度。它不像承载（估计另一种工程师）是来完成路面设计的。他们（前者）的工作只是用来决定道路的宽度。
With relation to the volume of traffic using the road, the passenger car is adopted as the standard unit and other vehicles are assessed in terms of passenger car units (pcu).
Differences in the urban and rural situations arise due to the variation of speeds in the two areas. Decisions on road width are not normally made on total traffic flow per day as this is misleading but rather on the peak hourly flow.
因为交通流量使用道路情况不同的关系，小型轿车被定为一个标准单位，其他汽车通过pcu评估（google查的 pcu:根据各类车辆对道路压力不同而产生的一个标准，具体是给汽车、摩托、马车、牛车什么的）。因为城区郊区交通速度的差异，两个地方的交通状况有很大不同。道路宽度多大的决定通常不是根据每天交通总流量决定，因为它是误导的，而是根据高峰时间的交通流量决定。
附PCU（我自己补充的）
private car(taxi or pick-up) 1 私家车（出租车或便车）
cycle, motorcycle 0.5 摩托车
cycle rickshaw 1.5 自行车
horse drawn vehicle 4 马拉车
bus , tractor , truck 3 公交汽车 拖拉机 卡车
bullock cart 6-8 牛拉车

In Britain the maximum permissible flow is 3,000 pcu/h for a two lane dual carriageway and 4,500 pcu/h for a three lane dual carriageway (motorway). For all purpose roads with junctions these figures reduce to 1,100 ‘‘and 1,900 pcu/h respectively.
在英国，可允许的最大交通流量是3000pcu/h，对于一个有两条道的双程分隔车道，和4500pcu/h，对于一个3条到的双程分隔车道（机动车道）。对于有交叉点的通用路来说，这些数值减小到1100 和 1900 pcu/h。
Where the road is new, studies must be carried out to estimate the volume of traffic expected to use the road. Where the new road replaces existing roads this is not too difficult. If however the road is expected to change the flow of traffic then analysis should be carried out as to the volume and constitution of traffic on the new road.
在新建设路的地方，必须进行实验去估计预计的使用道路的交通量。在新路取代现存旧路的地方这个实验将很难完成。然而如果这条路的交通流量被预计改变，就应该之后进行分析以估计新路上的交通流量和构成。
Matters are further complicated if the road is very long or provides access to or from a large town. Computer methods are now available to aid in this process. The constitution of traffic on the new road is of interest to the pavement engineer.
如果道路很长或者通往一个大的城镇，事情会变得更加复杂。电脑方法现在可以参与这个问题的处理。而路面设计工程师也对新的道路的车流架构很感兴趣。
Traffic Loading
交通负载
In this section, we will discuss the traffic loading that is taken forward to the pavement design section. Unlike in the above section where Passenger Car Units were the reference unit, we will work in Standard Axles. This is a reference unit to determine the average loading on a pavement by what is known as the standard axle. This then allows a total loading over the life of the pavement to be determined, normally in Millions of Standard Axles (msa).
在这个部分，我们将讨论路面设计师研究的交通负载。不像上面部分把PCU用作参考单位，我们将在标准轴（另一个量）中研究。这个参考单位是通过标准轴来决定路面的平均承重。它之后将用来估测一条道路生涯的总承重，通常以百万标准轴为单位。

这段比上段分析好多了。可能是熟悉的缘故。有多余分加给我吧。O(∩_∩)O哈哈~