Question

哪位英语高手帮我翻译一下下面的句子：

The anchoring between a metallic component, such as columns,
and a concrete block is an essential point in stability and durability
of a structure. This joint has to transfer the deadweight of the
structure and tensile, compressive and shearing loads created by
the structure in service. This fastening is often performed bymeans
of cast-in-place anchor bolts [1,2]. Numerous standard codes [3–6]
enable the anchor bolts and the foundation block to be designed for
static stress of tension and/or shear. But time-dependent behav-
iour of concrete is often not taken into account.
This study focuses on the joint constituted of long and smooth
anchor rods with an anchor washer on the end, embedded in con-
crete. This type of anchor bolt is frequently used in mountainous
areas to fasten the pylons of ski lifts to the reinforced concrete
foundation (Fig. 1). During their service life, these joints are
subjected to cyclic loadings. So, the challenge is to minimize the
effects of fatigue in the steel anchor rod; to do that, a prestressed
load must be kept at a level of up to 50% of the steel rod yield
strength. These joints can be considered as bolted joints between
a steel rod and the compressed concrete between the anchor plate
and the base plate of the column. The permanent compression of
concrete involves a decrease in the prestress due to concrete creep
[7–9].
With the aim to predict the in?uence of the creep phenomenon,
an experimental trial run coupled to numerical simulations was carried out. This paper presents a ?nite element modeling of
pullout and relaxation tests for this anchor type. A visco-elastic
modeling was adopted in order to take into account the time-
dependent behavior of concrete. The results of simulations were
compared to experimental data in order to validate the model
used.

Answer 1

The anchoring between a metallic component, such as columns,
之间的锚固金属元件,如列,

and a concrete block is an essential point in stability and durability
和混凝土砌块成型机是根据一个关键的稳定,经久耐用

of a structure. This joint has to transfer the deadweight of the
构造了一种。这种联合必须将净

structure and tensile, compressive and shearing loads created by
结构和抗拉、抗压、抗剪负载由

the structure in service. This fastening is often performed bymeans
结构的服务。这紧固往往是bymeans进行

of cast-in-place anchor bolts [1,2]. Numerous standard codes [3–6]
衬砌锚定螺栓[1,2]。众多的标准编码[3 - 6]

enable the anchor bolts and the foundation block to be designed for
使地脚螺栓和基础块设计为

static stress of tension and/or shear. But time-dependent behav-
静态应力张力和/或剪切。但时间,behav

iour of concrete is often not taken into account.
混凝土iour通常是不考虑。

This study focuses on the joint constituted of long and smooth
本研究以长而且平顺共同构成的

anchor rods with an anchor washer on the end, embedded in con-
锚机铁锚杆时,一种共同"

crete. This type of anchor bolt is frequently used in mountainous
克里特岛。这种类型的地脚螺栓经常被使用在山区

areas to fasten the pylons of ski lifts to the reinforced concrete
地区的发动机吊架系滑雪电梯到钢筋混凝土

foundation (Fig. 1). During their service life, these joints are
基金会(图1)。在他们的使用寿命,这些关节

subjected to cyclic loadings. So, the challenge is to minimize the
受到循环加载下。所以,现在面临的问题是如何减少了

effects of fatigue in the steel anchor rod; to do that, a prestressed
疲劳效应在钢锚杆;要这麽做,预应力

load must be kept at a level of up to 50% of the steel rod yield
负荷要保持在一个水平的多达50%的钢棒的产量

strength. These joints can be considered as bolted joints between
力量。这些关节可以被视为螺栓关节之间

a steel rod and the compressed concrete between the anchor plate
钢的杖,压缩混凝土的锚定之间板

and the base plate of the column. The permanent compression of
和基地盘柱。永久的压缩

concrete involves a decrease in the prestress due to concrete creep
具体包括减少由于的预应力混凝土徐变的

[7–9].
文献[7 - 9)。

With the aim to predict the in?uence of the creep phenomenon,
旨在预测蠕变?元代的现象,

an experimental trial run coupled to numerical simulations was carried out. This paper presents a ?nite element modeling of
实验的试运行连接到进行了数值模拟。介绍了一种吗? nite元素模型

pullout and relaxation tests for this anchor type. A visco-elastic
拉和放松测试这样的“锚类型。一个粘弹性

modeling was adopted in order to take into account the time-
采用建模,为了考虑时间-

dependent behavior of concrete. The results of simulations were
混凝土构件的依赖。仿真实验的结果

compared to experimental data in order to validate the model
比较实验数据为验证该模型

used
使用

Answer 2

之间的锚固金属元件,如列,
和混凝土砌块成型机是根据一个关键的稳定,经久耐用
构造了一种。这种联合必须将净
结构和抗拉、抗压、抗剪负载由
结构的服务。这紧固往往是bymeans进行
衬砌锚定螺栓[1,2]。众多的标准编码[3 - 6]
使地脚螺栓和基础块设计为
静态应力张力和/或剪切。但时间,behav
混凝土iour通常是不考虑。
本研究以长而且平顺共同构成的
锚机铁锚杆时,一种共同"
克里特岛。这种类型的地脚螺栓经常被使用在山区
地区的发动机吊架系滑雪电梯到钢筋混凝土
基金会(图1)。在他们的使用寿命,这些关节
受到循环加载下。所以,现在面临的问题是如何减少了
疲劳效应在钢锚杆;要这麽做,预应力
负荷要保持在一个水平的多达50%的钢棒的产量
力量。这些关节可以被视为螺栓关节之间
钢的杖,压缩混凝土的锚定之间板
和基地盘柱。永久的压缩
具体包括减少由于的预应力混凝土徐变的
文献[7 - 9)。
旨在预测蠕变?元代的现象,
实验的试运行连接到进行了数值模拟。介绍了一种吗? nite元素模型
拉和放松测试这样的“锚类型。一个粘弹性
采用建模,为了考虑时间-
混凝土构件的依赖。仿真实验的结果
比较实验数据为验证该模型
使用。

Answer 3

金属部件之间的锚定，等栏目。.
及混凝土块是在稳定性和耐用性的要点。
一个结构。这一联合已转移的载重量。
结构和拉伸，压缩和剪切载荷造成的。
在服务结构。这是经常进行合成之紧固。现浇就地.
地脚螺栓[1,2]。许多标准代码。[3-6]。.
使地脚螺栓和基础块被设计。
静态应力的紧张和/或剪切。但是时间依赖性……。.
混凝土iour往往没有考虑。
本研究的重点组成的联合长，光滑。
锚锚一棒，最后洗衣机，在……-。.
克里特嵌入。这种锚杆类型常用于山区。
地区系的滑雪升降机的电缆塔的钢筋混凝土。
基础（图1）。在其使用寿命，这些关节。
受到循环载荷。因此，面临的挑战是要尽量减少。
疲劳效应的钢锚杆，做到这一点，预应力。
负载必须保持在高达50杆的钢产量％的水平。
实力。这些关节可被视为螺栓连接之间。
一根钢筋和锚板之间的压缩混凝土。
和列的底板。永久压缩。
具体涉及到的预应力混凝土徐变，由于减少。
[7-9]。其目的.预测吗？……的蠕变现象。.实验试运行耦合进行了数值模拟。本文提出了一种？黑夜元模型。这.撤军和松弛试验锚式。一个粘弹性。造型采用以考虑的时间。.混凝土相关的行为。的模拟结果。相比，实验数据，以验证该模型。使用。

我是在“海词”里面翻译的。
“……”的部分就是查不到的词。

Answer 4

OMG.It looks like lyric,why don't you use the translate tools by Google。