Question

have与have been有什么区别

have与have been我知道都有“已经”的意思，那么它们有什么区别阿？用法是怎样？可以帮我解释一下吗？顺便举一些例句。谢谢

Answer 1

have一般认为是现在完成时的标志.一般来说有两种用法:
1、过去的动作对现在有影响,用现在完成时,如:
He has gone home,because he promised that he would visit his mom.
因为答应过要探望母亲,他现在回家了.
2、过去的动作延续到现在,其实就是从属于第1点,一般和since、for连用,如:
He has lived here since 2010. 自从2010年他已经在这住下了.
He has lived here for 5 years/since 5 years ago. 他在这已经住下有5年了.

而have been也有两层意思:
1、have been可以认为是现在完成进行时的标志.结构have been doing.
一般来说现在完成进行时有两种用法.一表示过去的动作延续到现在,并有可能延续下去:
He has been working out all day.他整天在锻炼.(暗示有可能继续锻炼.)
二是现在完成进行时有时富有情感色彩.这是现在完成时所没有的功能:
He has been always talking with his girlfriend. 他总在跟女友唠叨.(有情感色彩)
He has always talked with his girlfriend. 他总跟女友聊天.(没有感情色彩)

还有,have和have been可以认为是现在完成时的主动形式和被动形式,如:
He has gone to work. 他已去上班了.(主动)
He has been arrested.他被逮捕了.(被动)

Answer 2

一个是主动的 一个是被动的
I have washed the clothes。
THE clothes has been washed。