怎么分辨主动语态和被动语态?
5个回答
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首先要看主语,如果主语是物,再看动词,如果动作是物发出的,那它就用主动语态了。
如果主语是物,而动作是人发出的,那就用被动语态了。
如你上面的例子,1主语为物,而PRINT
则为人发出的动作,所以就必须被动语态。看有EVERY
MONTH
所以为一般现在时,主语为复数,所以用复数形式填
are
printed
2
中主语为物,但你要看动词
open
的具体含意了,它在这里就表是一种状态了,不能把它当作单纯的动词,这里可以解释为
“营业”的意思。
语法是要懂得,但它不是一成不变的,你必须活学活用,在英语中有一些固定的用法有时它也不符合语法规则的。所以在学英语的时候要做一个有心人,时刻去记忆,那样你的英语才会学得透学得懂的。
如果主语是物,而动作是人发出的,那就用被动语态了。
如你上面的例子,1主语为物,而PRINT
则为人发出的动作,所以就必须被动语态。看有EVERY
MONTH
所以为一般现在时,主语为复数,所以用复数形式填
are
printed
2
中主语为物,但你要看动词
open
的具体含意了,它在这里就表是一种状态了,不能把它当作单纯的动词,这里可以解释为
“营业”的意思。
语法是要懂得,但它不是一成不变的,你必须活学活用,在英语中有一些固定的用法有时它也不符合语法规则的。所以在学英语的时候要做一个有心人,时刻去记忆,那样你的英语才会学得透学得懂的。
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英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如:
Many
people
speak
English.(主动语态)
English
is
spoken
by
many
people.(被动语态).被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be+过去分词”。
注意:“be+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如
be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。
你也可以先翻译成汉语再做判断^_^
Many
people
speak
English.(主动语态)
English
is
spoken
by
many
people.(被动语态).被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be+过去分词”。
注意:“be+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如
be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态。
你也可以先翻译成汉语再做判断^_^
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主动和被动语态转换规律
要把主动语态转换成被动语态,通常是把及物动词写成“be+过去分词”形式,并把宾语变成主语,动作的执行者常省略。其中关键是动词形式的变化。然而,在有些句子中,谓语动词不作上述结构上的变化,也可以进行主动和被动的转换,这是特殊的语态转换形式,大体有以下几种情况。
1.及物的谓语动词转换成带有介词短语的复合谓语。
We
can
control
many
contagious
diseases.—Many
contagious
diseases
are
un-der
control.
I
can't
believe
what
she
said.—What
she
said
is
beyond
belief.
2.谓语部分由及物动词转换成不及物动词。
When
will
he
publish
his
dictionary?—When
will
his
dictionary
come
out?
They
are
to
hold
a
celebration
tomorrom.—A
celebration
is
to
take
place
to-morrow.
3.有些谓语动词本身就有及物和不及物两种词性。主动和被动的转换在其及物和不及物之间进行。
We
concluded
the
meeting
at
8∶00—The
meeting
concluded
at
8∶00.
She
struck
her
head
against
the
wall.—Her
head
struck
against
the
wall.
这类动词中有些作及物动词用时强调动作,作不及物动词时表示主语的状态、性质和特征。
Children
wear
out
shoes
quickly.—Children's
shoes
wear
out
quickly.
4.在主动句的谓语动词后面加上一个介词,互换主语和宾语。
A
nail
caught
her
skirt.—Her
skirt
caught
on
a
nail.
The
invention
benefits
the
whole
world.—The
whole
world
benefits
from
theinvention.
5.有的介词短语作复合宾语时,也可以用增、减单词方法作主动和被动的转换。
Mr
Brown
is
in
charge
of
this
construction.—This
construction
is
in
the
chargeof
Mr
Brown.
6.主动语态中作谓语的短语动词去掉一个介词,转换成具有被动意义的不及物的短语动词。
He
has
run
out
of
his
money.—His
money
has
run
out.
We
will
put
on
a
new
play
to
tonight.A
new
play
will
be
on
tonight.
They
called
off
the
trip.—The
trip
was
off.
8.谓语部分由一个及物动词转换成另一个及物动词,这样的句子转换后被动意义并不明显,因而只能从主语和宾语位置互换的对比中才能体会出来。
He
suddenly
hit
upon
an
idea.—An
idea
struck
him.
I
didn't
fit
in
with
the
weather
here.—The
weather
here
didn't
agree
withme.
要把主动语态转换成被动语态,通常是把及物动词写成“be+过去分词”形式,并把宾语变成主语,动作的执行者常省略。其中关键是动词形式的变化。然而,在有些句子中,谓语动词不作上述结构上的变化,也可以进行主动和被动的转换,这是特殊的语态转换形式,大体有以下几种情况。
1.及物的谓语动词转换成带有介词短语的复合谓语。
We
can
control
many
contagious
diseases.—Many
contagious
diseases
are
un-der
control.
I
can't
believe
what
she
said.—What
she
said
is
beyond
belief.
2.谓语部分由及物动词转换成不及物动词。
When
will
he
publish
his
dictionary?—When
will
his
dictionary
come
out?
They
are
to
hold
a
celebration
tomorrom.—A
celebration
is
to
take
place
to-morrow.
3.有些谓语动词本身就有及物和不及物两种词性。主动和被动的转换在其及物和不及物之间进行。
We
concluded
the
meeting
at
8∶00—The
meeting
concluded
at
8∶00.
She
struck
her
head
against
the
wall.—Her
head
struck
against
the
wall.
这类动词中有些作及物动词用时强调动作,作不及物动词时表示主语的状态、性质和特征。
Children
wear
out
shoes
quickly.—Children's
shoes
wear
out
quickly.
4.在主动句的谓语动词后面加上一个介词,互换主语和宾语。
A
nail
caught
her
skirt.—Her
skirt
caught
on
a
nail.
The
invention
benefits
the
whole
world.—The
whole
world
benefits
from
theinvention.
5.有的介词短语作复合宾语时,也可以用增、减单词方法作主动和被动的转换。
Mr
Brown
is
in
charge
of
this
construction.—This
construction
is
in
the
chargeof
Mr
Brown.
6.主动语态中作谓语的短语动词去掉一个介词,转换成具有被动意义的不及物的短语动词。
He
has
run
out
of
his
money.—His
money
has
run
out.
We
will
put
on
a
new
play
to
tonight.A
new
play
will
be
on
tonight.
They
called
off
the
trip.—The
trip
was
off.
8.谓语部分由一个及物动词转换成另一个及物动词,这样的句子转换后被动意义并不明显,因而只能从主语和宾语位置互换的对比中才能体会出来。
He
suddenly
hit
upon
an
idea.—An
idea
struck
him.
I
didn't
fit
in
with
the
weather
here.—The
weather
here
didn't
agree
withme.
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被动语态的构成
被动语态的构成形式为“be+动词的ED分词”,随时态的不同,“be”发生相应的变化,下表是be在英语八种被动时态中的变化形式
2.主动语态的构成
1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或
for
3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。
4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。
5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。
6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。
希望能够满意
谢谢采纳
被动语态的构成形式为“be+动词的ED分词”,随时态的不同,“be”发生相应的变化,下表是be在英语八种被动时态中的变化形式
2.主动语态的构成
1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或
for
3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to。
4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。
5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。
6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。
希望能够满意
谢谢采纳
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主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.首先要看主语,如果主语是物,再看动词,如果动作是物发出的,那它就用主动语态了。
如果主语是物,而动作是人发出的,那就用被动语态了。
如:
Many
people
speak
English.(主动语态)
English
is
spoken
by
many
people.(被动语态)
1.被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be+过去分词”.
注意:“be+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如
be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态.如:
My
bike
is
broken.(我的自行车坏了.)
The
door
is
open.(门开了.)
2.主动语态改被动语态的方法
1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略).
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或
for.如:
He
gave
the
boy
an
apple.→The
boy
was
given
an
apple.(或An
apple
was
given
to
the
boy.)
Her
father
bought
her
a
present.→She
was
bought
a
present
by
her
father.(或A
present
was
bought
for
her
by
her
father.)
3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to.如:
They
watched
the
children
sing
that
morning.→The
children
were
watched
to
sing
that
morning.
4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语.如:
We
call
him
Xiao
Wang.→He
is
called
Xiao
Wang.
He
cut
his
hair
short.→His
hair
was
cut
short.
They
told
him
to
help
me.→He
was
told
to
help
me.
5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏.如:
We
must
take
good
care
of
the
young
trees.→The
young
trees
must
be
taken
good
care
of.
6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式.可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等.如:
People
believe
that
he
is
ill.→It
is
believed
that
he
is
ill.(或:He
is
believed
to
be
ill.)
如果主语是物,而动作是人发出的,那就用被动语态了。
如:
Many
people
speak
English.(主动语态)
English
is
spoken
by
many
people.(被动语态)
1.被动语态的构成
由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be+过去分词”.
注意:“be+过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词(如
be,feel,look,seem等)后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态.如:
My
bike
is
broken.(我的自行车坏了.)
The
door
is
open.(门开了.)
2.主动语态改被动语态的方法
1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略).
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或
for.如:
He
gave
the
boy
an
apple.→The
boy
was
given
an
apple.(或An
apple
was
given
to
the
boy.)
Her
father
bought
her
a
present.→She
was
bought
a
present
by
her
father.(或A
present
was
bought
for
her
by
her
father.)
3)不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to.如:
They
watched
the
children
sing
that
morning.→The
children
were
watched
to
sing
that
morning.
4)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语.如:
We
call
him
Xiao
Wang.→He
is
called
Xiao
Wang.
He
cut
his
hair
short.→His
hair
was
cut
short.
They
told
him
to
help
me.→He
was
told
to
help
me.
5)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏.如:
We
must
take
good
care
of
the
young
trees.→The
young
trees
must
be
taken
good
care
of.
6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面;也可采用另一种形式.可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等.如:
People
believe
that
he
is
ill.→It
is
believed
that
he
is
ill.(或:He
is
believed
to
be
ill.)
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