小学英语知识点
小学英语知识点
随着经济的全球化和国际交流的日益增强,提高学生的语言应用能力已经成为各高校外语教师关注的重点。以下是我整理的小学英语知识点,希望大家认真阅读!
1.现在进行时
表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用,结构是主语+be动词(am,is,are)+动词ing.
如:It is raining now.
外面正在下雨。
It is six o’clock now.
现在6点了。
My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.
我父母正在客厅看报纸。
Look!The children are having a running race now.
看!孩子们正在赛跑。
问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not.
2.一般现在时
表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often,usually,sometimes,always,every day(week year...)on Sundays等词连用。
结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she,it,Tom,my mother,the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.
如:We have an English lesson every day.
我们每天都要上英语课。
Do the boys run faster than the girls?
Yes,they do.
男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的。
问句借助于do,does否定句借助于don’t,doesn’t,后面动词一定要还原。
3.一般过去时
表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now;a moment ago;...ago;yesterday;last(week;month;year;Monday;weekend);this morning等词连用。
结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was;were)或主语+动词的'过去式。
注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。
如:My earphones were on the ground just now.
我的耳机刚刚还在呢。
Where were you do last week?I was at a camp.
你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了。
What did you do yesterday?I visited a farm.
你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。
问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;
否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn’t后面动词还原。
4.一般将来时
表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow,next week(yesr;Tuesday...),this week(weekend;evening;afternoon;...)today 等词连用。结构是主语+be(am,is,are)going to+动原或主语+will+动原。
如:What are you going to do tomorrow?I am going to have a picnic.
你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。
The children are going to have a sports meeting next week.
孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。
Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.
Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。
问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.
5.情态动词
can;can’t;should;shouldn’t;must;may后一定加动词原形。
如:The girl can’t swim,but he can skate.
女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰。
Don’t talk in class,you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要在课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。
6.祈使句
肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。
如:Open the box for me,please.
请为我打开盒子。
Liu Tao!Please get up earlier tomorrow.
刘涛,明天请早点起床!
Don’t walk on the grass!
不要在草地上走!
Helen!Don’t climb the tree,please.
海伦!不要爬树。
7.go的用法
去干嘛用go+动词ing
如:go swimming;
go fishing;
go skating;
go camping;
go running;
go skiing;
go rowing...
8.比较
than前用比较级;as...as之间用原级。
如:My mother is two years younger than my father.
我妈比我爸年轻两岁。
Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.
刘涛跳得和本一样远。
9.喜欢做某事
用like+动词ing或like+to+动原。
如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.
苏阳喜欢种花。
The chlidren like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.
孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。
10.想要做某事
用would like+to+动原或want+to+动原。
如:I’d like to visit the History Museum.
=I want to visit the History Museum.
11.some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用some.
如:Can I have some writing paper?
Would you like some orange juice?
12.代词
人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是I;you;he;she;it;we;they.
宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后。
如:Open them for me.Let us...,join me等。
宾格分别是me;you;him;her;it;us;them.
形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是my;your;his;her;its;our;their.
名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是mine;yours;his;hers;its;ours;yours;theirs.
13.介词
介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式
如:be good at running;
do well in jumping;
14.时间介词
季节前,月份前用介词in
如:in summer;in March
具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on
如:on Saturday;on the second of April;on Wednesday morning
在几点钟前用介词at
如:at a quarter to four;
只在上下午晚上用in
如:in the morning/afternoon/evening;
但在夜间用at night
另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.
15.名词复数构成的方法
有规则的有:
(1)直接在名词后加s
如orange-oranges;photo-photos;
(2)以x,s,sh,ch结尾的加es
如:box-boxes;glass-glasses;
waitress-waitresses;watch-watches;peach-peaches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如:study-studies;library-libraries;hobby-hobbies;family-families;
(4)以f,fe结尾的改f,fe为v+es
如:knife-knives;thief-thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es,mango-mangoes其余加s)
(5)不规则的有:
man-men;woman-women;people-people;child-children
16.动词第三人称单数的构成
(1)直接在动词后加s
如:run-runs;dance-dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es
如:do-does;go-goes;wash-washes;catch-catches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如:study-studies;carry-carries;
17.现在分词的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ing
如:sing-singing;ski-skiing;
(2)双写词尾加ing
如:swim-swimming;jog-jogging;run-running;
(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing
如:ride-riding;dance-dancing;make-making;
18.规则动词过去式的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ed
如:clean-cleaned;milk-milked;play-played;
(2)以e结尾的直接加d
如:dance-danced;taste-tasted;
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed
如:study-studied;carry-carried;
(4)双写词尾加ed
如:stop-stopped;jog-jogged;
(5)不规则的有:
am,is-was;are-were;do,does-did;have,has-had;go-went;meet-met;sit-sat;see-saw;get-got;tell-told;run-ran;come-came;steal-stole;read-read;
19.形容词副词比较级的构成
规则的:
(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er
如:small-smaller;low-lower;
(2)以e结尾的加r
如:late-later;
(3)双写词尾加er
如:big-bigger;thin-thinner;fat-fatter;
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er
如:heavy-heavier;early-earlier;
不规则的有:
good,well-better(最高级为best);many,much-more(最高级为most);far-farther;
20.rain与snow的用法
(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词
如:There is a lot of rain there in spring.
那儿的春天有很多雨水。
(2)作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:
动词原形rain,snow;
第三人称单数rains,snows;
现在分词raining;snowing;
过去式rained;snowed;
如:Look!It is raining now.
瞧!天正在下雨。
It often rains in Nantong in summer.
南通夏天经常下雨。
It rained yesterday.
昨天下了雨。
It is going to rain tomorrow.
明天要下雨。
(3)形容词为rainy和snowy意思是有雨的和有雪的。
如:It is often rainy here in spring.
这儿的春天经常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow,I’ll stay at home.
如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。
21.比较级
注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。
如:My eyes are bigger than hers.
Your school bag is heavier than mine.
My computer is nicer than Nancy’s.
My brother is stronger than me.
22.have,has
表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);
There is/are;
There was/were表示某地存在有
注意There be句型的就近原则
单数或不可数用there is/was;
复数用there are/were.
23.本身就是复数的词
眼镜glasses;耳机earphones;鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。
如:My glasses were on the chair just now.
但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数。
如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate.
This pair of earphones is for you.
24.五个元音字母分别是Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu;
25.一个的用法
a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an用于元音前不是元音字母前。
如:There is an ‘s’,a‘t’,a‘u’,a‘d’,an‘e’,an‘n’,and a‘t’in the word‘student’.
26.时间表示法
有两种:
(1)直接读时钟和分钟。
如:6:10读成six ten;7:30读成seven thirty;8:45读成eight forty-five;
(2)用to和past表示。
在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点
如:6:10读成ten past six;7:30读成half past seven;
过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分
如:7:45读成a quarter to eight;9:50读成ten to ten;
27.基数词变序数词的方法
基变序有规律,结尾加上th;一二三特殊
例,结尾字母t、d(即first,second,third);八去t,九去e,ve要用f替(即eigh-eighth;nine-ninth;five-fifth;twelve-twelfth);
ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty-twentieth;forty-fortieth);
几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为twenty-first)。
另外强调序数词前一定要加the.
28.日期的表示法
用the+序数词+of+月
如:三月三日the third of March;
12月25日the 25th of December;
29.both表示两者都
如:My parents are both teachers.
all表示三者以上都
如:The students are all very excited.
30.节日的表示法
有day的节日前用on.
没有day的节日前用at.
如:at Christmas;on Christmas Day;at New Year;on New Year’s Day.
31.激动兴奋的
excited表示激动的,兴奋地主语是人;
exciting表示令人激动的,令人兴奋的主语是事情
如:The running race is very exciting,so all the students are very excited.
赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的学生都很激动。
32.比较
两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级
如:Who runs faster,the boy or the girl?
The boy does.
谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。
Which season do you like best?
I like autumn best.
你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。
Which season do you like better,summer or winter?
I like winter better.
你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。
33.动词还原的用法
前面用了do,does,did,don’t,doesn’t,didn’t后面动词要还原。
如:Did she watch TV last night?
Helen doesn’t like taking photos.
34.到了
到达用get to
但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加to
如:get home;get here;get there
另外go home;come here;go there也一样。
35.长着和穿着
长着什么用with
如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;
穿着什么用in
如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人
或:the woman in the white skirt穿白色短裙的妇女
36.让某人做某事
用let sb后加动词原形
如:Let’s water the flowers together.
是该做...的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to+动原。
帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth
如:帮我学英语是help me with my English
37.树上
外来的东西在树上用in the tree
如:the bird in the tree;
树上长的用on the tree
如:the apples on the tree
38.运动和乐器
球类之前不加the
乐器之前必须加the
如:play the piano;play football
39.一周中的第一天是Sunday;一年中的第一个月是January。
40.get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样
如:get stronger;get longer
;