where的定语从句
where的定语从句1
where的定语从句
先行词表示具体地点的,并在在定语从句中做状语的(不做主语,表语和宾语),用where引导定语从句.例如:this is the house where i once lived.
先行词是表示抽象地点的如point,case,postion,condtion,activity,situation,job等,并作状语用where引导.
You reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步.
It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地.
She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作.
where 在定语从句还是状语从句的区别主要可以从以下三点来看:
一、where引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词,
where引导的从句修饰先行词.例如:
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
We will start at the point where we left off.
二、where引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,
where前面没有表示地点的先行词.例如:
Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang Rivermeet.
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
I found my books where I had left them.
有时,where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句的前面,而where引导的定语从句则不能.例如:
Where there is a will,there is a way.〔谚语〕有志者事竟成.
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命.
三、在有些情况下,where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句.例如:
A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a
desert.(=A tall building was put up where there used to be a
desert.)在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼.
Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains
often.)温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长.
where的定语从句2
Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点
1. We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
2.He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car.
A.which B.as C.why D.where
两道题都选where ,但是case, situation都不是地点,如何理解?
在“先行词不是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题是一个高频考点。就是说,关系副词where所指代的先行词不只是表示地点的名词。
用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where引导定语从句时,它的先行词就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。
请看以下几个例句:
1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。
点评:这里where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one,也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词,但此处却用了where来引导,where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看,定语从句不缺主语和宾语,引导词where在从句中充当的是状语。
2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low. 欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。
点评:句中的先行词是situations,表示“情形,情况”,引导词依然用的是where,表示“在这种情况之下”。这里的定语从句也是不缺主语或宾语的,where在从句中充当的是状语。
3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people
will have to accept more “unnatural food”.除非人类能够意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度——使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
点评:这里的先行词是point,表示“某种程度,某种状况”,引导词where指代point,表示“在这种程度下”。这里定语从句也是不缺主语和宾语的',where在从句中充当的仍然是状语。
从上面三个例句中,我们可以发现以下两点:第一,即使先行词不是表示地点的词,定语从句也能够使用关系副词where来引导;第二,上面三个例句中,where分别指代relationship、situation和point,分别表示“在……关系中”“在……情况下”“达到……程度”,这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词,但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态”的含义。我们可以把这类名词解释成“含有抽象地点意义的名词”,此类词也能用关系副词where来进行引导。
先行词不表示地点时,如何判断是否使用Where引导定语从句当先行词不是表示地点的名词时,该如何判断是否使用where引导定语从句呢?由上文给出的例句可知,含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导,并且在每个例句的点评中都反复强调“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。
由此,我们可以大胆地进行引申和归纳,提出“当先行词不表示地点时,使用where引导定语从句”的判断方法。首先,判断定语从句的结构:定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少状语。其次,观察先行词:先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立,是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。
为了更深刻地理解这种判断方法,请看以下几个例句:
4. English is a fixed-word-order language where each phrase has a fixed position. 英语是一种“词序固定”的语言,这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。
点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“each phrase has a fixed position”的结构:该从句并不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示时间,也不表示原因。由此可知,此处用where来指代先行词,表示“在词序固定这样的语言中”。
5. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument. 在学院里,柏拉图采用的教学方法是组织辩论,在辩论中,两个或多个学生各持一方观点。
点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“two or morepeople took different ideas of an argument”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是debates,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。由此可知,此处应用where引导定语从句,表示“在辩论中”。
6. However, being enthusiastic isn't for everyone and no one likes false enthusiasm, where a person pretends to be excited even about small points.然而,热情并非适合每一个人,而且也没有人喜欢那种连区区小事都假装兴奋的假热情。
点评:首先,我们判断定语从句“a person pretends to be excited even about small points”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是false enthusiasm,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。因而,此处用where来引导定语从句,表示“在虚假的热情这种状态下”。
通过对上面三个例句的点评,相信读者已经能够掌握在先行词不表示地点的情况下,如何判断是否使用where来引导定语从句了。此外,我们需要仔细体会例句中where指代先行词时所表达的含义,分别是“在……样的语言中”“在……中”“在……样的状态下”,这些含义与第一节所举的例子类似,都带有抽象的地点意义。因而,我们在日后的学习和考试中应当谨记:
用where引导的定语从句,先行词不一定是表示地点的名词,因为先行词也可能是含有抽象地点意义的名词。由此,我们总结如下:
先行词是表示“地点”或任何含有“抽象地点意义”的名词用where引导定语从句。
where的定语从句3
where先行词表示时间、地点、原因,但关系词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,应用关系代词that或which.如:
Ill never forget 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
(作主语)
我不会忘记充满悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days (that/which) I wasted in the woods.
(作宾语)
我后悔在森林里虚度的日子。
This is the factory that/which produces cars. (作主语)
这就是那个生产小汽车的工厂。
This is the factory (that/which) he visited yesterday.
(作宾语)
这就是他昨天参观的工厂。
This is the reason that/which is unreasonable. (作主语)
这是一个没道理的理由。
This is the reason (that/which) he raised. (作宾语)
这是他提出的理由。
2. 关系副词有时相当于 适当的介词+关系代词。如:
① where=in/on which
This is the room where / in which he lives.
巩固练习:
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting
for the great chance.(湖南2004)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
2. We are living in an age _______ many things are done
on computer.(北京2003春)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
3. The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was
taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
4. Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his careless-
ness in his work? (上海2002春)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
5. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the
small town ______ he grewup as a child. (NMET 1996)
A. which B. that C. where D. when
Key : 1-5 CDCAC
where的定语从句4
when/where/why引导的定语从句
when, where, why属于关系副词, 都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语, 其具体用法如下:
1.关系副词 when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词, 在定语从句中充当时间状语。
例如: I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。// Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临, 届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
2. 关系副词where引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示地点的先行词, 在定语从句中充当地点状语。
例如: This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。// She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居, 在那里她有几个密友。
3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason, 在定语从句中充当原因状语。
例如: I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。// That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。// He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
注意:
关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联, 两者之间存在密切的联系。在备考中尤其要注意以下几点:
1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替, 其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定, 例如:
The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.
I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.
我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。
This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.
This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.
这是礼堂, 医学会议将在此召开。
2. 并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句, 若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、 宾语等而不是状语时, 需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。例如: Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school? 你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗?
先行词the days表时间, 但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语, 因此不能用when而应该用which或that。
3. that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when, where, why, 且that常可以省略, 例如: This is the time (when/that) he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。
[考题1] We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003北京春)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
[答案] D
[解析] 本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age, 其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语, 因此只能填入关系副词when。
[考题2] The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far*9鄄away village. (2001)
A. until B. that C. when D. where
[答案] C
[解析] 本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours, 其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语, 因此只能填入关系副词when。
[考题3] It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. (2000北京、 安徽春)
A. that B. while C. which D. when
[答案] D
[解析] 本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment, 其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语, 因此只能填入关系副词when。
[考题4] After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. (1996)
A. which B. where C. that D. when
[答案] B
[解析] 本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词town, 其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语, 因此只能填入关系副词where。
[考题5] We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go. (2002北京)
A. what B. which C. where D. when
[答案] C
[解析] 本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词some other places, 其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语, 因此只能填入关系副词where。
[考题6] I walked in our garden, ____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005辽宁)
A. which B. when C. where D. that
[答案] C
[解析] 本题中下划线处所引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词garden并在该定语从句中充当地点状语, 因此只能填入关系副词where。
[考题7] We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006山东)
A. where B. that C. when D. which
[答案] A
[解析] point可以理解成地点、 位置, 其后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语, 因此下划线处只能填入引导词where