雅思写作语法之基础英语句型
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英语句型—英语句子成分+简单句
英语句子成分:主、谓、宾、表、补(以上5类为构成基本句型的主要成分)、定语、状语、同位语、独立成份(把这4种成分加到基本句型中构成常见的英语句子)
英语中有三大类句式:简单句、并列句和复合句
简单句:六大基本句型
并列句:四种关系并列的简单句
复合句:并列复合句以及主从复合句
六大句型句式:最基础的句子结构,其他句型都是由以下六种句型转化而来,所以请务必掌握熟练
1. 主谓:
由主语+不及物动词构成句子,不及物动词就是后面不能跟任何宾语的动词,意为“谁怎么了”
例:She cried;This pen writes very smoothly(very smoothly做状语修饰writes);The book sells very well
注:主谓结构的句子不能写成被动句式,因为句子没有宾语
2. 主谓宾:由主语+及物动词+宾语构成,意为“谁做什么,谁把什么怎么了”
例:He ate an ice cream;You can put the TV in the living room
*主谓宾结构的句子可以主被动句型相互改写(雅思听力考试中非常常见)
例:A famous architect designed this house= This house was designed by a famous architect
3. 主系表:由主语+系动词+表语构成句子,用于说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况
系动词有6类:
1)状态系动词:只有be(am/is/are/was/were);
2)持续系动词:主要有keep,remain,rest,stay
3)表象系动词:表示“看起来像”,seem,appear,look
4)感官系动词:feel,smell,sound,taste,look
5)变化系动词:主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get
6)终止系动词:表示“证实”,prove,turn out
例:She is a well-known artist;Children grow wiser as they grow;The leaves turn yellow in the autumn
4. 主谓双宾:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语构成句子,一般来说间宾为人/动物,指的是承受动作的对象;而
直宾为某种东西,指的是主语给予间接宾语的对象。
例:She told us a story;Our hotel serves you breakfast in your room;Fetch me some wine
*双宾语结构中表示“给…/为…的to/for”型句式互换
1)She promised me a nice gift= She promised a nice gift tome
2)They’ll find you a good opportunityas long as you are qualified= They’ll find a good opportunity for youas long as you are qualified
3)Fetch me some wine=fetch some wineto/forme
4)Will you sing us a song?= Will you sing a song for/tous?
5. 主谓宾宾补:由主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成句子,宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等
例:I find him a reliable man;They painted the door red;Will you ask marry to help us?
I hear someone playing violinnext door;I have all my clothes washedthis afternoon
*区分双宾语和宾语补足语:双宾语的直接宾语和间接宾语没有修饰关系,而宾语补足语则是修饰宾语,是对宾语的补充说明
6. There be句型:表示“有”,该句型中的there 不翻译为“那里”,there be 后面的名词就是句子的主语;
注意There be句型的“就近原则”:即there be 中be的单复数取决于后面名词的单复数
例:Thereis a crystal swanon the table. There are some coconuts in the carton.
There are five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
There is a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag.
英语句子成分:主、谓、宾、表、补(以上5类为构成基本句型的主要成分)、定语、状语、同位语、独立成份(把这4种成分加到基本句型中构成常见的英语句子)
英语中有三大类句式:简单句、并列句和复合句
简单句:六大基本句型
并列句:四种关系并列的简单句
复合句:并列复合句以及主从复合句
六大句型句式:最基础的句子结构,其他句型都是由以下六种句型转化而来,所以请务必掌握熟练
1. 主谓:
由主语+不及物动词构成句子,不及物动词就是后面不能跟任何宾语的动词,意为“谁怎么了”
例:She cried;This pen writes very smoothly(very smoothly做状语修饰writes);The book sells very well
注:主谓结构的句子不能写成被动句式,因为句子没有宾语
2. 主谓宾:由主语+及物动词+宾语构成,意为“谁做什么,谁把什么怎么了”
例:He ate an ice cream;You can put the TV in the living room
*主谓宾结构的句子可以主被动句型相互改写(雅思听力考试中非常常见)
例:A famous architect designed this house= This house was designed by a famous architect
3. 主系表:由主语+系动词+表语构成句子,用于说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况
系动词有6类:
1)状态系动词:只有be(am/is/are/was/were);
2)持续系动词:主要有keep,remain,rest,stay
3)表象系动词:表示“看起来像”,seem,appear,look
4)感官系动词:feel,smell,sound,taste,look
5)变化系动词:主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get
6)终止系动词:表示“证实”,prove,turn out
例:She is a well-known artist;Children grow wiser as they grow;The leaves turn yellow in the autumn
4. 主谓双宾:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语构成句子,一般来说间宾为人/动物,指的是承受动作的对象;而
直宾为某种东西,指的是主语给予间接宾语的对象。
例:She told us a story;Our hotel serves you breakfast in your room;Fetch me some wine
*双宾语结构中表示“给…/为…的to/for”型句式互换
1)She promised me a nice gift= She promised a nice gift tome
2)They’ll find you a good opportunityas long as you are qualified= They’ll find a good opportunity for youas long as you are qualified
3)Fetch me some wine=fetch some wineto/forme
4)Will you sing us a song?= Will you sing a song for/tous?
5. 主谓宾宾补:由主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成句子,宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等
例:I find him a reliable man;They painted the door red;Will you ask marry to help us?
I hear someone playing violinnext door;I have all my clothes washedthis afternoon
*区分双宾语和宾语补足语:双宾语的直接宾语和间接宾语没有修饰关系,而宾语补足语则是修饰宾语,是对宾语的补充说明
6. There be句型:表示“有”,该句型中的there 不翻译为“那里”,there be 后面的名词就是句子的主语;
注意There be句型的“就近原则”:即there be 中be的单复数取决于后面名词的单复数
例:Thereis a crystal swanon the table. There are some coconuts in the carton.
There are five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
There is a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag.
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