Question

《出师表》的原文是什么

Answer 1

出师表 ( 作者：诸葛亮 )
臣亮言：先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂；今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣，不懈于内；忠志之士，忘身于外者：盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同：若有作奸犯科，及为忠善者，宜付有司，论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费依、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必得裨补阙漏，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用之于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和穆，优劣得所也。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也！侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞亮死节之臣也，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，谘臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间：尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧虑，恐付托不效，以伤先帝之明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，甲兵已足，当奖帅三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都：此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、依、允等之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵；若无兴复之言，则责攸之、依、允等之咎，以彰其慢。陛下亦宜自谋，以谘诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激！
今当远离，临表涕泣，不知所云。

Answer 2

A:出师表(原文)
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂,今天下三分,益州疲弊,此诚危急存亡之秋也.然侍卫之臣不懈于内,忠志之士忘身于外者,盖追先帝之殊遇,欲报之于陛下也.诚宜开张圣听,以光先帝遗德,恢弘志士之气,不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失义,以塞忠谏之路也
宫中府中,俱为一体,陟罚臧否,不宜异同.若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏,以昭陛下平明之理,不宜偏私,使内外异法也.
侍中侍郎郭攸之,费祎,董允等,此皆良实,志虑忠纯,是以先帝简拔以遗陛下.愚以为宫中之事,事无大小,悉以咨之,然后施行,必能裨补阙漏,有所广益.
将军向宠,性行淑均,晓畅军事,试用于昔日,先帝称之曰能,是以众议举宠为督.愚以为营中之事,悉以咨之,必能使行阵和睦,优劣得所.
亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人,远贤臣,此后汉所以倾颓也.先帝在时,每与臣论此事,未尝不叹息痛恨于桓,灵也.侍中,尚书,长史,参军,此悉贞良死节之臣,愿陛下亲之信之,则汉室之隆,可计日而待也.
臣本布衣,躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯.先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰.后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有一年矣.
先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也.受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡泸,深入不毛.今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三军,北定中原,庶竭驽钝,攘除奸凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都.此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也.至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之,棉,允之任也.
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效,不效则治臣之罪,以告先帝之灵.若无兴德之言,则责攸之,祎,允等之慢,以彰其咎;陛下亦宜自谋,以咨诹善道,察纳雅言,深追先帝遗诏.臣不胜受恩感激.
今当远离,临表涕零,不知所言.
B:出师表(翻译)
先帝开创的事业没有完成一半,却中途去世了.现在天下分裂成三个国家.蜀汉民力困乏,这实在是危急存亡的时候啊.然而朝中官员在首都毫不懈怠,忠诚有志的将士在外面舍生忘死,是因为追念先帝对他们的特殊厚待,想要在陛下身上报恩啊.实在应该广泛地听取意见,发扬先帝遗留下来的美德,振奋有抱负的人们的志气,不应该随便看轻自己,说一些不恰当的话,以致堵塞人们忠言劝谏的道路啊!
皇宫中和丞相府中的人,都是国家的官员;升降官吏,评论人物,不应该因在宫中或在府中而异.如果有作奸邪事情,犯科条法令,或做了好事对国家有贡献的,都应该交给主管的官员判定他们受罚或者受赏,来显示陛下公正严明的治理,而不应当有偏袒和私心,使朝廷内外刑赏的法令不同.
侍中侍郎敦攸之,费祎,董允等人,这些都是善良诚实的人,他们的志向和思虑都忠诚纯正,所以先帝把他们选拔出来留给陛下.我以为宫廷中的事情,无论大小,都拿来跟他们商量,然后实行,就一定能够补救缺点,防止疏漏,得到更多的成效.
将军向宠,性格品行善良平正,通晓军事,过去任用他的时候,先帝称赞他能干,所以大家商议推举他做中部督.我认为军营中的事情,都拿来和他商量,就一定能够使军中团结和睦,才能高的和才能低的都得到合理安排.
亲近贤臣,疏远小人,这是先汉兴旺发达的原因;亲近小人,疏远贤臣,这是后汉倾覆衰败的原因.先帝在世时,每次和我谈论这些事情,没有不对桓,灵二帝的昏庸感到痛心遗憾的.
侍中,尚书,长史,参军,这些人都是忠贞优秀,以死报国的大臣,希望陛下亲近他们,信任他们,这样汉朝的兴隆便为时不远了.
我本来是个平民,在南阳亲自种地,只希望在乱世里苟且保全性命,并不想在诸侯中做官扬名.先帝不嫌我身份低微,见识浅陋,不惜降低身份,委屈自己,三次到草庐来探望我,向我询问当代的大事,我因此有所感而情绪激动,就答应为先帝奔走效劳.后来遇到挫折,在军事上失败的时候接受重任,在危难紧迫的关头奉命出使,从那时到现在二十一年了.
先帝知道我办事谨慎,所以临终的时候,把国家大事托付给我.我接受命令以来,早晚忧虑叹息,唯恐托付给我的大事做得没有成效,而有损于先帝的明察,所以五月渡过泸水,深入到不长庄稼的荒凉地方.现在南方的叛乱已经平定,武器装备已经充足,应该勉励三军,率领他们北上平定中原.我希望能够奉献平庸的才能,去铲除那些奸邪凶恶的敌人,振兴汉朝,迁回旧都洛阳.这是我报答先帝,忠于陛下的职责.至于考虑朝中政事是否可行,毫无保留地向陛下提出忠诚的劝谏,那是郭攸之,费祎,董允等人的责任了.
希望陛下把讨伐曹魏兴复汉室的任务交付给我,如果不能实现,就治我的罪,来告慰先帝在天之灵.如果没有发扬圣德的忠言,就应当责罚郭攸之,费祎,董允等人的怠慢失职,指明他们的过失;陛下也应该自行谋划,征询治国的良策,认识,采纳正确的言论,深切追念先帝的遗命.我接受您的恩泽,心中非常激动.
现在我就要远离陛下了,面对这份奏表,禁不住流下泪水,也不知说了些什么.

Answer 3

臣亮言：先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂；今天下三分，益州疲敝，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣，不懈于内；忠志之士，忘身于外者：盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。

宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同：若有作奸犯科，及为忠善者，宜付有司，论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之治；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费依、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必得裨补阙漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用之于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和穆，优劣得所也。亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也！侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞亮死节之臣也，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。

臣本布衣，躬耕南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，谘臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间：尔来二十有一年矣。先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧虑，恐付托不效，以伤先帝之明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，甲兵已足，当奖帅三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都：此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、依、允等之任也。

愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵；若无兴复之言，则责攸之、依、允等之咎，以彰其慢。陛下亦宜自谋，以谘诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激！今当远离，临表涕泣，不知所言。

Answer 4

出师表

先帝创业未半而中道崩殂；今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内；忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。

宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同：若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费依、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必得裨补阙漏，有所广益。将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞亮死节之臣也，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。

臣本布衣，躬耕南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐付托不效，以伤先帝之明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，甲兵已足，当奖帅三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、依、允等之任也。

愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、依、允等之慢，以彰其咎。陛下亦宜自谋，以谘诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激！
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。

出师表----英文版

The First Ruler had accomplished but half his great task at his death. At this moment the empire is in three parts, and our country is weak; it is a most critical moment for us. Still, ministers are not remiss in the capital, and loyal and devoted soldiers sacrifice their lives abroad, for they still remember the special kindness of the First Ruler and wish to show their gratitude to him by service to Your Majesty. Therefore it would be indeed fitting that you should extend your holy virtue to glorify his virtuous memory in the stimulation of the will of your purposeful officers. Your Majesty should not lose yourself in the pursuit of mean things, quoting phrases to confound the eternal principles of rectitude, and so preventing remonstrance from honest people. One rule applies to the palace of the Emperor and the residence of a courtier; there must be one law rewarding the good and punishing the evil. Evil-doers and law-breakers, as also true and good people, should be dealt with according to their deserts by the officers concerned in order to manifest Your Majesty's impartial and enlightened administration. Partiality is wrong, as is one law for the court and another for the regions.

The High Ministers Fei Yi, Guo Youzhi, and Dong Yun are honest men, devotedly anxious to be loyal to the last degree; wherefore His Late Majesty chose them in his testament. My advice is to consult them in all Palace matters, great or small, before taking action. Your Majesty will reap the enormous advantage of having any failings corrected.

General Xiang Chong is a man of well-balanced temperament, versed in military matters, to whom, after testing him, the late Emperor applied the epithet 'capable'. The consensus of opinion is that Xiang Chong should be Grand Commander. My advice is to consult him in all military matters, great or small, whereby your military forces will yield their maximum, each one being employed to the best advantage.

Attract worthy people; repel mean ones. This policy achieved the glory of the Former Hans, while its reversal ruined the Latter Hans. When the late Emperor was with us, he often discussed this with your servant, and he took much to heart the story of Emperors Huan and Ling.

The Chair of the Secretariat Chen Zhen, Commander Zhang Si, and Minister Jiang Wan are both incorruptible and enlightened people, honest to the death. I wish that Your Majesty should have them near and hold them in confidence. If this be done, then the glory of the House of Han will be quickly consummated.

I was originally a private person, a farmer in Nanyang, concerned only to secure personal safety in a troubled age and not seeking conversation with the contending nobles. His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the commonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. His magnanimity affected me deeply, and I consented to do my utmost for him. Then came defeat, and I took office at a moment of darkest outlook and at a most difficult crisis. This is twenty-one years ago. The First Ruler recognized my diligent care, and when dying he confided the great task to me. From that day I have lived a life of anxiety lest I should fail in my trust and so dim his glory.

That is why I undertook the expedition to the lands beyond the River Lu. Now the Southern Mangs has been quelled, and our army is in good condition. I ought to lead it against the north, where I may meet with a measure of success in the removal of the wicked ones, the restoration of Han, and a return to the old capital. This is my duty out of gratitude to the late Emperor and loyalty to Your Majesty. As to a discussion of the pros and cons and giving a true version of the whole matter, that belongs to Guo Youzhi and Fei Yi and Dong Yun. I desire Your Majesty to confide to me the task of slaying the rebels and restoring the Hans. If I fail, then punish me by telling the spirit of the late Emperor. If you know not what restoration implies, that is the fault of your advisers.

Your Majesty should take pains to be guided into the right path and examine carefully what is laid before you, carefully remembering the late Emperor's testament.

I cannot express what would be my delight if you had the goodness to accept and act on my advice.

Now I am about to depart on a distant expedition, I write this with tears and clearly know what I have said.

Answer 5

这么多优秀答案，我就别凑热闹啦。