Question

急求关于高中英语非谓语动词习题的讲解

1.There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered
2.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found

Answer 1

B to be discovered
B．to find
-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。

1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:

动词 语态

形式 及物动词make 不及物动词go

主动语态 被动语态 主动语态

一般式 making being made going

完成式 having made having been made having gone

2、-ing形式的基本用法。

(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。Talking is easier than doing. -ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。如:It isn't much good writing to them again. It's no use waiting here.

(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.

(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much.;②作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York.;③ do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,表示"做…事"之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.;⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading. -ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?

(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。另外,-ing作定语用时,其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的,如果不是同时进行的,就不能用-ing作定语,要使用定语从句,如:The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well.

(5)作宾语补足语:We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注:当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时,句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语,可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。

(6)作状语:①时间状语:Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother. 分词在句中作时间状语时,其前一般可加when或while,如:When crossing street, you must be careful. ②原因状语:Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语:Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

3、主动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。主动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语,并且是它所表示的动作的执行者,如:Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.

4、被动语态-ing一般式的基本用法。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作,而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。如:The truck being repaired there is ours.

5、被动语态-ing完成式的基本用法。被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,在句中一般作状语用。如:Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.

6、-ing形式的复合结构。在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语或表语,如:Your smoking and drinking too much will do harm to your health. 但在口语中,这种结构如作宾语用,其中的物主代词常用人称代词的宾格,名词的所有格常用名词的普通格代替,如:She insisted on Peter's (or Peter)going there first.

7、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来,表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时,多用动词不定式,如:Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.

8、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时,其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生,而动词不定式作定语时,其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。如:The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.

9、-ing形式与动词不定式在作宾语补足语时的区别。(1)不定式作宾补时,其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后,如:I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作宾补,表示其动作正在进行中,而用不带to的不定式作宾补时,不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程,如:I hear her singing in the room.我听见她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我听见她在屋里唱过歌。

10、-ing形式与动词不定式在句中作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况,而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时,一般是作目的或结果状语,如:Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.

Answer 2

1.答案：B.
解析：演员等待被发现, 用被动, 发现发生在等待之后, 所以用不定式.
2答案：B
句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。
be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式做状语。

Answer 3

1 B 等待被发现，wait to be done
2 B be astonished to do 惊讶做某事，此题意思是我们很惊讶的发现寺庙仍处于原始状态。

Answer 4

1.There were many talented actors out there just waiting __B____.
A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered
被动（被发掘）加不定式（表示尚未发生）

2.We were astonished ___B____ the temple still in its original condition.
A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found
固定句型，一直都是这麼用的。多被一些句子就有感觉了