Question

帮我翻译成英文

在南美洲西部的玻利维亚，Ilaryon Ramos Condori是一种只有在交流保密的药用植物时才使用的方言。

语言学家估计，世界上大约有7万多种语言，但一项最新的研究发现，其中近一半的语言正处于濒临灭绝的边缘。这些语言很可能在本世纪内消失，而且消失的速度非常快。现在，每两个星期就有一种语言消失，超过了部分鸟类、哺乳类动物、鱼类和植物灭绝的速度。新研究成果发表在最近的美国《国家地理杂志》网络版上。

这是一个持续3～4年的长期的研究项目。美国斯沃斯莫尔学院语言学助理教授大卫·哈里森、语言研究所所长格雷戈里·安德森和国家地理学会电影摄制人克里斯·雷尼尔组成的团队，在近几年里到世界很多地方访问，他们的初衷是鉴别和录制濒临灭绝的语言而非方言。他们面对面地采访少数能讲这些即将消失语言的人们，记录了他们的谈话，并收集了基本的词汇、语言等。

据《纽约时报》报道，9月18日，该研究小组成员为记者举行了远程电视会议，公布了他们的研究成果。他们指出，因为只有极少数人使用，一些语言正在迅速消亡，而另一些语言则是在能讲两种语言的文化中逐渐消失，在双语文化中，本土语言被学校、市场和电视中占统治地位的语言所湮没。

该研究鉴别出世界上语言消失速度最快的5个热点地区：澳大利亚北部地区、中南美洲、北美洲位于太平洋海岸线以北的地区、西伯利亚东部以及美国俄克拉荷马州西南部。所有这些地方都居住了使用多种语言的土著民族，但这些土著民的数量正处于减少之中。

哈里森在远程电视会议上说，世界有超过半数的语言没有书写形式(文字)，“很容易消失和被遗忘”。当这些语言消失后，它们没有留下字典、课本，也没有留下对所积累知识和已消失文化的记录。

在澳大利亚，大约有231种土著语言面临灭绝的危险，其中有些语言只有极少数人能讲。在北澳大利亚，研究人员接触了3个已知的能讲马嘎题语的人，在西澳大利亚，他们接触了3个能讲雅鲁语的人。安德森说，今年7月，他们在澳大利亚北部地区只遇见一个能讲Amurdag语的人，这种语言已宣布消失，他说：“这可能是一种再也无法恢复的语言，但至少我们录下了它的声音。”

研究指出，在安第斯山脉和亚马逊河盆地一带存在113种语言，但这些语言正在迅速被西班牙语或葡萄牙语等占统治地位的当地语言所取代，比如，在这些地区，一个名为卡拉瓦亚的族群已经将西班牙语或盖丘亚语作为日常生活用语，而只是将卡拉瓦亚语作为一种秘密语言，在有关药用植物的知识交流中才使用。哈里森说：“在400多年的时间里，为什么这些语言在只有极少人使用的情况下能够保存下来，它们又是怎样保存下来的呢？这是一个谜。”

在太平洋高地的西北部，英语的统治地位威胁了54种土著语言的存在，这一地区包括加拿大的大不列颠哥伦比亚盛美国的华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，其中有些语言只有1个人能讲，更多语言只是在俄勒冈州的保留地使用。

有40种语言仍然在美国的俄克拉荷马州、得克萨斯州和新墨西哥州使用，其中绝大部分语言最初是由印第安部落使用，其他的则是由东部诸族引入的，但这些部落被迫居住在保留地，有几种语言已处于垂死状态。

哈里森说，另外一个衡量未知语言的指标是：只有83种语言具有“全球”影响力，因为它们被世界80%的人用于交流和写作，而绝大多数语言濒临灭绝的速度超过了鸟类、哺乳类动物、鱼类和植物。

Answer 1

In South America, western Bolivia Ilaryon Ramos Condori is a kind of only in ac confidentiality of medicinal plants use only when the dialect.

Linguists estimates, the world about 70,000 a variety of languages, but a new study found that among nearly half of the language is in to the brink of extinction. These languages of the century probably disappear, and disappear at a very fast rate. Now, every two weeks that has a kind of language disappears, exceeded part birds, mammals, fish and plants extinct speed. The new study, published in the latest edition of the American national geographic proceedings.

This is a continuous 3 ~ 4 years of long-term research projects. American swarthmore college linguistics assistant professor David harrison, language, director Gregory Anderson and the national geographic society filmmakers people Chris Rainier team composed of a, in recent years to many parts of the world, they visited the purpose is to identify and record endangered languages rather than dialect. They face-to-face interview minority can speak these will be disappearing language people, records of their conversation, and collect the basic vocabulary, language, etc.

According to the New York times reported on September 18, the team members for journalists held a remote video conferencing, presented their findings. They point out, because only a few people use, some language is rapidly disappearing, while others language is in can speak two languages culture gradually disappear, in bilingual teaching of culture, the local language school, market and television dominant position in the language of the annihilation.

The study to identify the world language disappear the fastest five hotspots, Australia's northern territory, South America, North America in the Pacific coast north region, eastern Siberia and Oklahoma southwest. All these places have been living to use different languages aborigine, but these aboriginal number is in reducing among.

Harrison in remote TV conference, says the world more than half of the language is not written form (characters), "very easy to disappear and by forgetting". When these language disappears, they left no dictionary, textbooks, also did not leave to accumulate knowledge and has vanished culture record.

In Australia, there are about 231 kind of native language in danger of extinction, including some language only a few people can speak. In northern Australia, researchers have contact with the three known can speak MaGa topic language in western Australia, they contacted 3 can speak jas lu language. Anderson said, in July, they in Australia's northern area only met a can speak Amurdag language, the language has announced disappeared, he said: "it is probably never recover language, but at least we has recorded its voice."

Research indicates that in the andes and the amazon basin area exists 113 kinds of languages, but these languages are rapidly by Spanish or Portuguese such as the dominant local language replace, for instance, in these areas, a think-tank Carla tile and groups will have Spanish or cover QiuYa language as a daily talk, but will Carla tile and language as a secret language concerned, in the knowledge exchange of medicinal plants use only. Harrison said: "after 400 years, why these languages in only few people use of the circumstances to preserved, how are they saved? It was a mystery."

In the Pacific northwest, English highland domination of the 54 species of threat of native languages exist, the region including Canada of British Columbia shing American Washington state and Oregon, including some language only one individual can speak, more language only in Oregon reservation to use.

Have 40 languages still in American Oklahoma, Texas, and new Mexico use, for the most part language was originally used by the Indian tribes, others are introduced by the east of the nations, but these tribes were forced to live in reservation, and several languages are already in the dying state.

Harrison said, an alternative measure unknown language index is: only 83 languages are "global" influence, because they are the world 80% of the people for ac and writing, while the vast majority language endangered faster than birds, mammals, fish and plants.

Answer 2

Western Bolivia in South America, Ilaryon Ramos Condori is an exchange of confidential only when the use of medicinal plants in the dialect. Linguists estimate that about 70,000 world languages, but a new study found that nearly half of the language is in the brink of extinction. These languages are likely to disappear in this century, and disappeared very quickly. Now, there is every two weeks a language disappears, more than some of the birds, mammals, fish and plant extinction rate. New research published in the recent U.S. \u0026quot;National Geographic Magazine