Question

什么是文化 英文

什么是文化 英文

Answer 1

culture

文化（汉语拼音wén huà，英文culture），是人类社会相对于经济、政治而言的精神活动及其产物，分为物质文化和非败此物质文化。

教育、科学、艺术皆属广义的文化，而政治、经济与文化相互关联、相互作用。实际给文化下一个准确的定义，非常困难。对文化这个概念的解读，人类也一直众说不一。文化顺乎时代潮流具有不定性，一个时期有一个时期的文化.……构成世界五彩斑斓的文化。

分配

因为文化具有的多样性和复杂性，很难将文化给出一个准确地，清晰的分类标准。因此，这些对文化的划分，只是从某一个角度来分析的，它是一种尝试。

对文化的结构解剖，有两分说，即分为物质文化和精神文化（非物质文化）；有三层次说，即分为物质、制度、精神三层次；有四层次说，即分为物质、制度、风俗习惯、思想与价值。有六大子系统说，即物质、社袭李会关系、精神、艺术、语言符号、风俗习惯等。

文化还可分为生产文化、精神文化。科技文化是生产文化，思想文化是精神文化。任何文化都为生活所用，没有不为生活所用的文化。任何一种文化都包含了一种察禅迅生活生存的理论和方式，理念和认识。

Answer 2

Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate")[1] is a term that has various meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions.[2] However, the word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses:

Excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture
An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning
The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group
When the concept first emerged in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe, it connoted a process of cultivation or improvement, as in agriculture or horticulture. In the nineteenth century, it came to refer first to the betterment or refinement of the individual, especially through education, and then to the fulfillment of national aspirations or ideals. In the mid-nineteenth century, some scientists used the term "culture" to refer to a universal human capacity. For the German nonpositivist sociologist, Georg Simmel, culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history".[3]

In the twentieth century, "culture" emerged as a concept central to anthropology, encompassing all human phenomena that are not purely results of human genetics. Specifically, the term "culture" in American anthropology had two meanings: (1) the evolved human capacity to classify and represent experiences with symbols, and to act imaginatively and creatively; and (2) the distinct ways that people living in different parts of the world classified and represented their experiences, and acted creatively. Following World War II, the term became important, albeit with different meanings, in other disciplines such as cultural studies, organizational psychology and management studies.[citation needed]