2如果要使该装置在102℃时报警,则应该再往玻璃管内注入多少cm高的水银柱
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①封闭气体做等压变化,设试管横截面积为S,则初态:V<sub>1</sub>=20S,T<sub>1</sub>=300K,末态:V<sub>2</sub>=30S,
由盖吕萨克定律可得:<span class="MathZyb" mathtag="math" style="whiteSpace:nowrap;wordSpacing:normal;wordWrap:normal"><table cellpadding="-1" cellspacing="-1" style="margin-right:1px"><tr><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-bottom:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>V</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-top:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>T</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span></td></tr></table>=<table cellpadding="-1" cellspacing="-1" style="margin-right:1px"><tr><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-bottom:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>V</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">2</span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-top:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>T</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">2</span></span></td></tr></table></span>,
解得T<sub>2</sub>=450K,
所以t<sub>2</sub>=177℃.
②设当有xcm水银柱注入时会在87℃报警,则对封闭气体,初态:p<sub>1</sub>=83cm汞柱,V<sub>1</sub>=20S,T<sub>1</sub>=300K,末态:p<sub>2</sub>=(83+x)cm汞柱,V<sub>2</sub>=(30-x)S,T<sub>3</sub>=360K,
由理想气体状态方程可得:<span class="MathZyb" mathtag="math" style="whiteSpace:nowrap;wordSpacing:normal;wordWrap:normal"><table cellpadding="-1" cellspacing="-1" style="margin-right:1px"><tr><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-bottom:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>p</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span><span><span>V</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-top:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>T</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span></td></tr></table>=<table cellpadding="-1" cellspacing="-1" style="margin-right:1px"><tr><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-bottom:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>p</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">2</span></span><span><span>V</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">2</span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-top:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>T</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">3</span></span></td></tr></table></span>,
代入数据解得x=8.14cm.
(1)当温度达到177℃时,报警器会报警;
(2)如果要使该装置在87℃时报警,则应该再往玻璃管内注入8.14cm高的水银柱.
由盖吕萨克定律可得:<span class="MathZyb" mathtag="math" style="whiteSpace:nowrap;wordSpacing:normal;wordWrap:normal"><table cellpadding="-1" cellspacing="-1" style="margin-right:1px"><tr><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-bottom:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>V</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-top:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>T</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span></td></tr></table>=<table cellpadding="-1" cellspacing="-1" style="margin-right:1px"><tr><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-bottom:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>V</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">2</span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-top:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>T</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">2</span></span></td></tr></table></span>,
解得T<sub>2</sub>=450K,
所以t<sub>2</sub>=177℃.
②设当有xcm水银柱注入时会在87℃报警,则对封闭气体,初态:p<sub>1</sub>=83cm汞柱,V<sub>1</sub>=20S,T<sub>1</sub>=300K,末态:p<sub>2</sub>=(83+x)cm汞柱,V<sub>2</sub>=(30-x)S,T<sub>3</sub>=360K,
由理想气体状态方程可得:<span class="MathZyb" mathtag="math" style="whiteSpace:nowrap;wordSpacing:normal;wordWrap:normal"><table cellpadding="-1" cellspacing="-1" style="margin-right:1px"><tr><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-bottom:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>p</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span><span><span>V</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-top:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>T</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">1</span></span></td></tr></table>=<table cellpadding="-1" cellspacing="-1" style="margin-right:1px"><tr><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-bottom:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>p</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">2</span></span><span><span>V</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">2</span></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding-top:1px;font-size:90%"><span><span>T</span><span style="vertical-align:sub;font-size:90%">3</span></span></td></tr></table></span>,
代入数据解得x=8.14cm.
(1)当温度达到177℃时,报警器会报警;
(2)如果要使该装置在87℃时报警,则应该再往玻璃管内注入8.14cm高的水银柱.
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