Question

python可以用自动化打不开浏览器

Python 2.7.11 (v2.7.11:6d1b6a68f775, Dec 5 2015, 20:40:30) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
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>>> import selenium
>>> import selenium
>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> driver = webdriver.Firefox()

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module>
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 148, in __init__
self.service.start()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 81, in start
os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.

>>>

Answer 1

需要下载安装geckodriver, 然后将其加入环境变量.
Zidon到博客给你搬过来了

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.
version: selenium==3.0.1
此版本执行需要驱动：geckodriver
可以去网址https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases 这里下载最新的版本。
然后将文件夹解压到C:\geckodriver处，再增加在电脑设置环境变量，如下图所示

然后在创建Firefox的时候设置执行路径
browser = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = 'C:\geckodriver\geckodriver.exe')
Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\learnplace\python_webdevelop_testdriver\functional_tests.py", line 10, in <module>
browser = webdriver.Firefox() File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 135, in __init__ self.service.start() File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\common\service.py", line 71, in start
os.path.basename(self.path), self.start_error_message)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.

Exception AttributeError: "'Service' object has no attribute 'process'" in <bound method Service.__del__ of <selenium.webdriver.firefox.service.Service object at 0x00000000030E7CF8>> ignored

不过此时会出现另外一个异常：
Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\learnplace\python_webdevelop_testdriver\functional_tests.py", line 10, in <module>
browser = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = 'C:\geckodriver\geckodriver.exe') File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 145, in __init__
keep_alive=True) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__ self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 236, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 192, in check_response raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Expected browser binary location, but unable to find binary in default location, no 'moz:firefoxOptions.binary' capability provided, and no binary flag set on the command line

需要将binary的浏览器路径添加以下
from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary# browser = webdriver.Firefox(# firefox_binary='C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox')# browser.get('http://localhost:8000')# assert 'Django' in browser.titlebinary = FirefoxBinary(r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary)
browser.get('http://localhost:8000')

不过又出现以下异常。。。
Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\learnplace\python_webdevelop_testdriver\functional_tests.py", line 18, in <module>
browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 145, in __init__
keep_alive=True) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__ self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 179, in start_session
response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, capabilities) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 236, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response) File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 192, in check_response raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Unsupported Marionette protocol version 2, required 3

以上问题只要更新firefox到47版本就可以了。终于解决了。。
使用PhantomJS 无头浏览器
self.browser = webdriver.PhantomJS(executable_path=r'C:\phantomjs\bin\phantomjs.exe')

Answer 2

把你的firefoxdriver放到python的plugin路径下去。