化学平衡式
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要平衡方程式,常用的方法是:首先第一步在每边写上一个系数,令某一个元素在两边的数目相等。然后逐一在某一边写上一个系数,令某一个元素在两边的数目相等。如有需要,可把两边倍大来避免分数的出现。通常,某元素在两边出现最少次数的会首先平衡。 (以后还会学到氧化还原反应的方程式,会用另一些方法去平衡。) 例一. H2 + O2 → H2O (1) 平衡 O: H2 + 1O2 → 2H2O (令两边各有 2 个 O) (2) 平衡 H: 2H2 + 1O2 → 2H2O (令两边各有 4 个 H) 答案: 2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2O 例二. KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + H2O (1) 平衡 K: 2KOH + H2SO4 → 1K2SO4 + H2O (令两边各有 2 个 K) (2) 平衡S: 2KOH + 1H2SO4 → 1K2SO4 + H2O (令两边各有 1 个 S) (3) 平衡 O: 2KOH + 1H2SO4 → 1K2SO4 + 2H2O (令两边各有 6 个 O) 答案: 2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2O 例三. NaOCl → Na+ + Cl- + O2 (1) 平衡 O: 2NaOCl → Na+ + Cl- + 1O2 (令两边各有 2 个 O) (2) 平衡 Cl: 2NaOCl → Na+ + 2Cl- + 1O2 (令两边各有 2 个 Cl) (3) 平衡 Na: 2NaOCl → 2Na+ + 2Cl- + 1O2 (令两边各有 2 个 Na) 答案: 2NaOCl → 2Na+ + 2Cl- + O2 例四. Cl2 + NH3 → NH4Cl + N2 (1) 平衡 H: Cl2 + 4NH3 → 3NH4Cl + N2 (令两边各有 12 个 H) (2) 平衡 N: Cl2 + 4NH3 → 3NH4Cl + (1/2)N2 (令两边各有 4 个 N) (3) 平衡 Cl: (3/2)Cl2 + 4NH3 → 3NH4Cl + (1/2)N2 (令两边各有 3 个 Cl) (4) 两边 x2: 3Cl2 + 8NH3 → 6NH4Cl + 1N2 答案: 3Cl2 + 8NH3 → 6NH4Cl + N2 例五. NH3 + O2 → NO + H2O (1) 平衡 H: 2NH3 + O2 → NO + 3H2O (令两边各有 6 个 H) (2) 平衡 N: 2NH3 + O2 → 2NO + 3H2O (令两边各有 2 个 N) (3) 平衡 O: 2NH3 + (5/2)O2 → 2NO + 3H2O (令两边各有 5 个 O) (4) 两边 x2: 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O 答案: 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
1. 2 H2 + O2------> 2 H2O first of all
there is 2 oxygen atoms in the left hand side
so we have to put 2 in the right hand side. then
there are 4 hydrogen atoms in the right hand side
we have to put 2 before hydrogen symbol. 2. similarly
2Ca +O2 ------->2 CaO 3. NaOH+HCl ----> NaCl + H2O(the no. of atoms on both side are equal
so we don't need to add any numbers.) 4. N2 + 3 H2 -----> 2 NH3 5. 2Mg + O2 ----> 2 MgO
1. 2 H2 + O2------> 2 H2O first of all
there is 2 oxygen atoms in the left hand side
so we have to put 2 in the right hand side. then
there are 4 hydrogen atoms in the right hand side
we have to put 2 before hydrogen symbol. 2. similarly
2Ca +O2 ------->2 CaO 3. NaOH+HCl ----> NaCl + H2O(the no. of atoms on both side are equal
so we don't need to add any numbers.) 4. N2 + 3 H2 -----> 2 NH3 5. 2Mg + O2 ----> 2 MgO
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