Question

求翻译下列土木工程专业英文

1.1.2 Short Columns
1.Behavior of Axially Loaded Short Column
When an axial load is applied to a reinforced concrete short column ,the concrete can be considered to behave elastically up to a low stress of about (1/3) ft'.Two different types of failure occur in columns ,depending on whether ties or spirals are used .A tied column fails at the load Na (figure 4.25) .At this load ,the concrete fails by crushing or shearing outward along inclined planes ,and the longitudinal steel bars fail by bucking outward between ties ,as shown in Figure 4.26a .The column failure occurs suddenly ,much like the failure of a concrete cylinder .
In a spirally reinforced column ,when the same load Na is reached ,the longitudinal steel and the concrete within the core are prevented from moving outward by the spiral .The concrete in the outer shell ,however ,not being so confined ,does fail ; i.e. ,the outer shell spalls off when Na is reached ,as shown in Figure 4.26b. It is at this stage that confining action of the spiral has a significant effect ,and if sizable spiral steel is provided ,the load will ultimately fail the column by causing the spiral steel to yield .The axial strain when the column fails can be much larger than that at which the shell spalls off .
If the load on the column is increased to reach its ultimate strength ,the concrete will reach the maximum strength and steel will reach its yield strength , fy .See Figure 4.27. The ultimate bearing capacity of a short column reinforced with longitudinal bars and lateral ties can be written as follow
Na = fy' As' + fc Ac
where ,
As' =reinforcement area
fy' =reinforcement yield strength
Ac =concrete section area
fc =concrete prismatic compressive strength

Answer 1

1.1.2短柱
1.Behavior轴心受压短柱
当轴向负荷适用于钢筋混凝土短柱，具体表现可视为弹性高达约（1 / 3）尺'。两种不同类型的故障发生在列，这取决于是否关系或低应力螺旋使用。系杆列在负载钠（图4.25）未能在此负载。，混凝土经破碎或剪切不沿斜面向外，而失败的纵向钢筋屈曲向外之间的关系，如图4.26所示一。列突然发生故障，很像一个混凝土缸故障。
。在一个螺旋形钢筋柱，当达到相同的负载钠，纵向钢筋和混凝土的内芯是无法移动由螺旋向外的外壳，具体的，然而，并非如此局限，不失败;即，外壳spalls达到关闭时娜，如图4.26b所示。正是在这个阶段，围螺旋操作有一个显着的效果，如果是相当大的螺旋钢管提供的，负载将最终导致失败的螺旋钢产量列。轴向应变失败时，该列可以大得多这比在壳spalls关闭。
如果在列负载增加达到其极限强度，混凝土将达到最大的强度和钢产量将达到强度，风云。见图4.27。最终的短柱承载力加固纵向和横向联系的酒吧可以写成如下
风云娜='为'+功能界别徒
其中，
作为'=加固区
风云'=钢筋屈服强度
交流=混凝土截面面积
功能界别=混凝土抗压强度棱镜