Question

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Pattern generation is basically innate. In humans, steplike
movements are present at birth; they are spontaneously
initiated or triggered by peripheral stimuli. A central origin
of these movements is implied, as an electromyographic
(EMG) burst preceding the actual mechanical events
(Forssberg, 1986). Infant stepping also occurs in unencephalic
children (Forssberg, 1986), which suggests that a
spinal mechanism coordinates these movements. Central
programming can be influenced by sensory input
(Brooks, 1979). This again is illustrated by infant-stepping.
Although rhythmic alternating leg movements are coordinated
by a CPG, the infant is unable to maintain body
equilibrium. These children lack an integration of the
appropriate afferent input into the programmed leg muscle
electromyographic (EMG) pattern, which is needed to
achieve modulation and adaptation to the actual needs.

Answer 1

模式生成主要是先天的。人类在出生时，受外部刺激自发出现爬行动作。由于肌电图仪（EMG）先于实际机械事件（Forssberg,1986）突现，所以这些动作的中心起源是隐含的。无脑畸形儿也有爬行动作（Forssberg，1986），表明这些动作是由脊髓机制来协调的。中心操作系统受感关信息输入影响（Brooks，1979），婴儿爬行动作也再次证明此观点。 尽管双腿有节奏的交替动作由中心操作系统协调，但婴儿无法维持身体平衡。（因为）婴儿缺乏对腿部肌肉肌电图（EMG）模式的适当传入性输入的统一，而这是用以实现调整和适应实际需要。

Answer 2