Question

求高手翻译一篇文章，拒绝翻译工具。谢谢，一定加分！！！！

Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible. The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber, to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.
The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy. In many countries public health organization is improving and people's nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two adverse effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, insufficient sleep, excessive smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.
Clever advertising, aimed at chronic sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce—by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.
These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person's health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.

Answer 1

偶尔自己用药治疗是我们日常生活的一部分。制药和售药已经有很长的历史，和医疗本身一样，制药和售药和对魔法的信仰紧密相连。（意思是说，治病救人的东西，谁都无法拿准，都是抱着奇迹会发生的心态来做）只到到过去的一百年左右开始科技发展使得很多症状的起因得以了解。才让更精准的诊断成为可能。现在医生可以根据准确的诊断对很多疾病的病因给予相应的治疗。对很多其他还无法得知病因的疾病，就想一张不合格的处方一样，限制了对症状的治疗。医生是受训练去决定什么时候治疗症状还是根绝病因的。这是处方医疗和自己用药治疗的本质区别。
技术发展给药物领域带来很大进步，其中包括科学药物治疗的发展。很多国家的公共健康组织都在进步，人们的营养标准有所上升。然而在得到此裨益的同时还有两个反效果。一个是制药业的高压广告宣传，刻意影响病人和医生引致普遍的过量用药。另一个是错误的生活方法——“静态社会”的出现，缺乏运动，饮食过量，错误饮食，低质睡眠，过量烟酒。人们由这些不良习惯还有不和谐的人际关系形成失调症，经常诉诸自己用药治疗，又增加了医疗品的消耗数字。广告商们更是不遗余力抓紧这一市场。
聪明的广告盯紧慢性病人们，因为医生们无法治疗他们，他们会愿意尝试任何东西。在广告的暗示下，他们会对尤其是标高价的药物产生非常高的信心，认为会非常有效。广告还针对一些小痛小痒的病人，都是诸如单纯的感冒和咳嗽这种段时间内就会自己痊愈的小病。
这些就是很多家庭都有泻药，消化不良药，止痛药，滋补药，维他命和补铁药的原因。到底吃这些东西对个人健康有没有裨益很值得怀疑。甚至有可以有害健康。因为有可能有些药剂含有不对的成分，有可能吃药的人对药物产生依赖，有可能用药过量，有可能引起中毒，最糟的是掩盖了一些严重隐疾的症状令病人没有寻求医疗帮助。