Question

医学翻译

The results showed that 93.7% (136 of 145 episodes) of infec- tions due to isolates with fluconazole MICs 2 mg/liter re- sponded to fluconazole treatment. A response of 66% (8 of 12 episodes) was observed when the infections were caused by isolates with a fluconazole MIC of 4 mg/liter and a response of
11.8% (12 of 101 episodes) when the infection was caused by isolates with a fluconazole MIC 4 mg/liter. Clinical outcome data used for setting breakpoints have usually been analyzed following the 90-60 rule (10). This rule states that infections due to susceptible isolates respond to therapy approximately
90% of the time, whereas infections due to resistant isolates respond approximately 60% of the time. However, data mining tools have been developed that allow better analysis and inter- pretation of the data. An extraordinary development in con- temporary computer science is the introduction and applica- tion of methods of machine learning. These enable a computer program to analyze automatically a large body of data and decide what information is most relevant. This information can then be used to make decisions faster and more accurately. Machine learning tools for data mining tasks contain imple- mentations of most of the algorithms for supervised classifica- tion such as decision trees, rule sets, Bayesian classifiers, sup- port vector machines, logistic and linear regression, multilayer perceptrons, and nearest-neighbor methods, as well as met- alearner methods such as bagging, boosting, and stacking. Ma- chine learning models are supported by complex statistical analyses that include such performance measures as sensitivity,

Answer 1

　　The results showed that 93.7% (136 of 145 episodes) of infec- tions due to isolates with fluconazole MICs<2 mg/liter re- sponded to fluconazole treatment. A response of 66% (8 of 12 episodes) was observed when the infections were caused by isolates with a fluconazole MIC of 4 mg/liter and a response of 11.8% (12 of 101 episodes) when the infection was caused by isolates with a fluconazole MIC > 4 mg/liter.
　　实验结果显示，当引起感染的孤立菌落的氟康唑的MIC <2mg /liter的时候，有93.7% (145个病例中的136例)对于氟康唑治疗是有反应的；而当引起感染的孤立菌落的氟康唑MIC达到4mg /liter时，,有 66% (12个例中的8例)是有反应的；当MIC再高于4mg/liter时，只有11.8%的病例(101中的12例)有反应。
　　Clinical outcome data used for setting breakpoints have usually been analyzed following the 90-60 rule (10). This rule states that infections due to susceptible isolates respond to therapy approximately 90% of the time, whereas infections due to resistant isolates respond approximately 60% of the time. However, data mining tools have been developed that allow better analysis and inter- pretation of the data. An extraordinary development in con- temporary computer science is the introduction and applica- tion of methods of machine learning. These enable a computer program to analyze automatically a large body of data and decide what information is most relevant.
　　用于设定临界点的临床结果通常是根据90-60准则分析出来(文献10)。该准则内容为，由敏感性菌落引起的感染的反应时间阈值大约为90%，而由抗感性菌落引起的感染其相应阈值为60%。然而，数据挖掘工具已经开发出来，使得有更好的分析和对数据解释。当代计算机科学的一个重大进步就是机器学习方法的引进和应用。这些都使得计算机程序可以自动分析大量数据，并决定哪些信息是最相关的。
　　This information can then be used to make decisions faster and more accurately. Machine learning tools for data mining tasks contain imple- mentations of most of the algorithms for supervised classifica- tion such as decision trees, rule sets, Bayesian classifiers, sup- port vector machines, logistic and linear regression, multilayer perceptrons, and nearest-neighbor methods, as well as met- alearner methods such as bagging, boosting, and stacking. Ma- chine learning models are supported by complex statistical analyses that include such performance measures as sensitivity,specificity, false-positive rate, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which enable researchers to assess whether the results have statistical relevance.
　　而这进而可以用来做出更高效准确的决策。数据挖掘任务的机器学习工具提供了监督分类算法的补充措施，如决策树，规则集，贝叶斯分类，支持向量机，简单线性回归，多层感知器，最近邻点法，以及如搜集、增加和堆叠的元学习器法。机器学习模型有复杂的统计分析作为支撑，如包括灵敏度，特异性，假阳性率， ROC曲线面积等特征方法，这些都使研究人员能够评估结果的统计相关性。