定语从句中,常用that的情况
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that是个常见词，用法广泛。作为连词，它可以引导不同种类的从句。现就此探讨归纳如下：
一、that引导名词性从句
所谓名词性从句，指的是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。that引导名词性从句时，它本身不作任何句子成分，也没有任何词义，只起连接作用。
1. that引导主语从句
可以将that引导的主语从句放在谓语动词前面，也可在句首用形式主语it，而将that引导的主语从句后置。例如：
（1）That Mr King had been put into a women”s ward surprised his boss .
= It surprised his boss that Mr King had been put into the women”s ward .
金先生被安排在了女病房使他的老板很吃惊。
（2）That Professor Wang will give us a lecture tomorrow afternoon is known to all .
= It is known to all that Professor Wang will give us a lecture tomorrow afternoon .
大家都知道，王教授明天下午要给我们讲课。
注意：that常在下边的句型中引导主语从句：It is / was + 动词的过去分词 + that从句。例如：
（3）It is said that the book has been translated into several foreign languages .
据说，那本书已被译成了几种外语。
（4）It is reported that as many as 250,000 people lost their homes because of the earthquake .
据报道，多达25万人因地震而无家可归。
2. that引导宾语从句
引导宾语从句的that，在口语和非正式语体中常可省略。如果句中有两个或两个以上的宾语从句，则除第一个that可省略外，其它宾语从句中的that都不能省略。例如：
（1）He suggested (that) we should keep on trying .
他建议我们继续努力。
（2）We must believe (that) each one of us is able to do something well , and that , when we discovered what this is , we must work hard at it until we succeed .
我们必须相信，我们每个人都能把每件事做好；而且我们领悟此事是何事之后，我们就必须努力做下去，直到成功为止。
3. that 引导表语从句
that引导的表语从句，一般位于句尾，that通常不能省略。例如：
（1）It seems that it is more difficult for women to get jobs than men .
似乎女人找工作比男人更难。
（2）The reason why so many people were killed in the big fire is that the building was built without any fire escapes .
这么多的人在大火中丧生，其原因是那座楼房里没有太平门。
4. that引导同位语从句
同位语从句是对前面名词的具体内容所作的详细阐述。例如：
（1）We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own .
听说孩子们独立做那件事，我们感到吃惊。
（2）They expressed their hope that they would like to go to visit the Great Wall .
他们表达了他们想去参观长城的愿望。
二、that引导定语从句
that引导定语从句时，是关系代词，它可指人（相当于who , whom ），也可指物（相当于which）。that在定语从句中可作主语，也可作宾语（作宾语时常可省略）。当定语从句修饰的先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that引导定语从句。例如：
1. This is the museum (that / which) they visited last month .
这就是他们上个月参观的博物馆。
2. They are going to the village that / which lies south of the mountain .
他们将去山南边的那个村庄。
3. The man (that / who / whom) I shook hands with just now is one of my old classmates .
刚才和我握手的人是我过去的一位同班同学。
4. Do you still remember the things and persons that we talked about at the meeting last month ?
你还记得上月我们在会上谈到的人和事吗？
三、that用在强调句型中
强调句型的结构为：It is / was … that … 。如果被强调的是人，可用who代替that。如果被强调的是时间状语、地点状语或原因状语，则一般都用that。例如：
1. It was on July 30 that they decided to meet again .
就是在六月三十日他们才决定再一次见面的。
2. It is in the classroom that we usually have our classes .
我们通常是在教室里上课。
3. It was Ms King who / that pretended to be a man in order to get a job .
为找工作而女扮男装的是金女士。
一、that引导名词性从句
所谓名词性从句，指的是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。that引导名词性从句时，它本身不作任何句子成分，也没有任何词义，只起连接作用。
1. that引导主语从句
可以将that引导的主语从句放在谓语动词前面，也可在句首用形式主语it，而将that引导的主语从句后置。例如：
（1）That Mr King had been put into a women”s ward surprised his boss .
= It surprised his boss that Mr King had been put into the women”s ward .
金先生被安排在了女病房使他的老板很吃惊。
（2）That Professor Wang will give us a lecture tomorrow afternoon is known to all .
= It is known to all that Professor Wang will give us a lecture tomorrow afternoon .
大家都知道，王教授明天下午要给我们讲课。
注意：that常在下边的句型中引导主语从句：It is / was + 动词的过去分词 + that从句。例如：
（3）It is said that the book has been translated into several foreign languages .
据说，那本书已被译成了几种外语。
（4）It is reported that as many as 250,000 people lost their homes because of the earthquake .
据报道，多达25万人因地震而无家可归。
2. that引导宾语从句
引导宾语从句的that，在口语和非正式语体中常可省略。如果句中有两个或两个以上的宾语从句，则除第一个that可省略外，其它宾语从句中的that都不能省略。例如：
（1）He suggested (that) we should keep on trying .
他建议我们继续努力。
（2）We must believe (that) each one of us is able to do something well , and that , when we discovered what this is , we must work hard at it until we succeed .
我们必须相信，我们每个人都能把每件事做好；而且我们领悟此事是何事之后，我们就必须努力做下去，直到成功为止。
3. that 引导表语从句
that引导的表语从句，一般位于句尾，that通常不能省略。例如：
（1）It seems that it is more difficult for women to get jobs than men .
似乎女人找工作比男人更难。
（2）The reason why so many people were killed in the big fire is that the building was built without any fire escapes .
这么多的人在大火中丧生，其原因是那座楼房里没有太平门。
4. that引导同位语从句
同位语从句是对前面名词的具体内容所作的详细阐述。例如：
（1）We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own .
听说孩子们独立做那件事，我们感到吃惊。
（2）They expressed their hope that they would like to go to visit the Great Wall .
他们表达了他们想去参观长城的愿望。
二、that引导定语从句
that引导定语从句时，是关系代词，它可指人（相当于who , whom ），也可指物（相当于which）。that在定语从句中可作主语，也可作宾语（作宾语时常可省略）。当定语从句修饰的先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that引导定语从句。例如：
1. This is the museum (that / which) they visited last month .
这就是他们上个月参观的博物馆。
2. They are going to the village that / which lies south of the mountain .
他们将去山南边的那个村庄。
3. The man (that / who / whom) I shook hands with just now is one of my old classmates .
刚才和我握手的人是我过去的一位同班同学。
4. Do you still remember the things and persons that we talked about at the meeting last month ?
你还记得上月我们在会上谈到的人和事吗？
三、that用在强调句型中
强调句型的结构为：It is / was … that … 。如果被强调的是人，可用who代替that。如果被强调的是时间状语、地点状语或原因状语，则一般都用that。例如：
1. It was on July 30 that they decided to meet again .
就是在六月三十日他们才决定再一次见面的。
2. It is in the classroom that we usually have our classes .
我们通常是在教室里上课。
3. It was Ms King who / that pretended to be a man in order to get a job .
为找工作而女扮男装的是金女士。
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that即可代表事物也可代表人,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词.
代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 .
在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 .
在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
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前文有比较级,最高级,the only等词修饰
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前面有最高级 或是序数词
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