Question

英语高考试题 求翻译求讲解！

Not until Tom experienced a series of defeats __ that his idea was wrong.

A. had he realized B. did he realize C. he had realized D. he realized

Answer 1

翻译：直到汤姆经历了一系列的失败，他才意识到他的想法是错的。
选B
not until在句首的时候 主句需要倒装（把助动词或情态动词移到主语前） 所以在A和B之间选择
A和B的区别在于：A是过去完成时 B是过去式

过去完成时是发生在过去的过去 如果选择A 那么“意识”这个动作应该发生在“经历”这个动作之前了，很明显得先“经历”，后“意识”，所以选择B。

Answer 2

B.

Not until在句子首，后面要用倒装句。
Not until Tom experienced a series of defeats 直到Tom经历了一连窜的打击之后，did he realized that his idea was wrong 他才意识到自己的想法错了。

这个讲解，我也不晓得要怎么讲解，只能另外给一句例句，在一个英文网站上看到的：
Not until she took up rock climbing did she overcome her fear of heights.

A 的话用了过去完成时
过去完成的一般用于如下句子：
Hardly had he stepped outside when it started to rain.
过去完成时用于表述先一步发生的动作。

C和D都没有倒装，所以是错的。

Answer 3

原句为: Tom didn't realize that his idea was wrong until he experienced a series of defeats.
换为倒装句的话就是后面的分句带连词放到前面来，那么就是Not until…………of defeats did he that………….。
做这种倒装句如果你不是很有把握你就把它换成正常语序，该用什么动词就用什么动词，那就很清楚了。

Answer 4

倒装句