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2.PhysicallayerstructureoftheTD-SCDMAsystemTD-SCDMAisatimeduplexdivisionsystem.Theupl...
2. Physical layer structure of the TD-SCDMA system
TD-SCDMA is a time duplex division system. The uplink and thedownlink operate on the same frequency band. All physical channels have afour-layer structure, i.e., superframes, radio frames, subframes, and timeslots/ codes [24]. The chip rate is 1.28 Mchip/s. A superframe has 72 radioframes and a radio frame has two subframes . Each subframe has 6400 chips, asshown in Fig. 1. A subframe is partitioned into 7 main time slots (TS) of 675msduration.There are three special timeslots: downlink pilot (DwPTS), guardperiod (GP) and uplink pilot (UpPTS). Each main time slot consists of two data symbolfields, a midamble of 144 chips and a guard period of 16 chips. During theuplink, a maximum of 16 users’ data is transmitted within a single time slot.
The midambles of different users who are active in one timeslot are time-shifted versions of a single periodic basic code. Once uplink anddownlink are completed, the midamble is known to both the mobile terminal andBS, which can be used as a training sequence. For location purpose, midamblesare used for uplink AOA estimation and uplink TOA estimation in this paper.
and uplink TOA estimation in this paper. Here we must mentionthat the air interface does have impact on location estimation scheme. In otherwords, the location parameters estimation algorithms, i.e., the AOA and TOAestimation, must be specially specified according to network modes. Forexample, for TD-SCDMA, the number of active users in one time slot is limitedto 16, i.e., the spreading factor is not more than 16. And, dynamic channelallocation (DCA) attempts to allocate azimuth adjacent users to a differenttime slot, to reduce interference. This means that the AOAs of all active usersmay be conveniently tracked by the smart antenna techniques. But the situationmay be different for WCDMA because the number of active users in one time slotmay be up to hundreds. So many active users may be close to each other. It willbe difficult for the antenna to distinguish adjacent users. In this paper, theAOA and TOA estimation benefit from the TD-SCDMA air interface. The detailedalgorithms are investigated in following two sections. 展开
TD-SCDMA is a time duplex division system. The uplink and thedownlink operate on the same frequency band. All physical channels have afour-layer structure, i.e., superframes, radio frames, subframes, and timeslots/ codes [24]. The chip rate is 1.28 Mchip/s. A superframe has 72 radioframes and a radio frame has two subframes . Each subframe has 6400 chips, asshown in Fig. 1. A subframe is partitioned into 7 main time slots (TS) of 675msduration.There are three special timeslots: downlink pilot (DwPTS), guardperiod (GP) and uplink pilot (UpPTS). Each main time slot consists of two data symbolfields, a midamble of 144 chips and a guard period of 16 chips. During theuplink, a maximum of 16 users’ data is transmitted within a single time slot.
The midambles of different users who are active in one timeslot are time-shifted versions of a single periodic basic code. Once uplink anddownlink are completed, the midamble is known to both the mobile terminal andBS, which can be used as a training sequence. For location purpose, midamblesare used for uplink AOA estimation and uplink TOA estimation in this paper.
and uplink TOA estimation in this paper. Here we must mentionthat the air interface does have impact on location estimation scheme. In otherwords, the location parameters estimation algorithms, i.e., the AOA and TOAestimation, must be specially specified according to network modes. Forexample, for TD-SCDMA, the number of active users in one time slot is limitedto 16, i.e., the spreading factor is not more than 16. And, dynamic channelallocation (DCA) attempts to allocate azimuth adjacent users to a differenttime slot, to reduce interference. This means that the AOAs of all active usersmay be conveniently tracked by the smart antenna techniques. But the situationmay be different for WCDMA because the number of active users in one time slotmay be up to hundreds. So many active users may be close to each other. It willbe difficult for the antenna to distinguish adjacent users. In this paper, theAOA and TOA estimation benefit from the TD-SCDMA air interface. The detailedalgorithms are investigated in following two sections. 展开
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どこにもない
彼女は称賛はまだ远い
私をだまさないで
この夜も
安眠できない
生まれは彼の视线
いつも深夜そっとキス彼
彼は我にその器用な手
键盤の上を自由に奏でる
彼は赐る
私はこの耸え胸腔
まるで舞踊家気质のように
それはそれを両手に折れた
骨格の白より
それはそれを切り开いて胸腔され
肋骨の再配置
お愿いお愿いし再见
どこにもない
それは称賛はまだ远い
私をだまさないで
彼は赐る
私はこの真っ赤な唇
自分が歌う歌の心に
彼は赐る
私はこの澄んだ目
たとえ雾にも见える
それそれ口角切断
微笑を止め
それはそれは少し浊って目玉
抉り取ることか
お愿いお愿いし再见
どこにもない
それは称賛はまだ远い
私をだまさないで
それはそれは髪が浓く
それはそれを鼻筋が坚调
それが円い肩それ
全てを刈る
切り舎て
それそれが美しい歌声
その涙がそれをきらきら
それがざわめく动悸それ
全部切って刈る
舍てる
それそれ口角切断
微笑を止め
それはそれは少し浊って目玉
抉り取ることか
お愿いお愿いし再见
どこにもない
それは称賛はまだ远い
私をだまさないで
彼女は私の爱する彼女
十分にあたしを
彼女は彼女に生息する暗い
つきまとう腐ったタイヤ
お愿いお愿いし再见
どこにもない
彼女は称賛はまだ远い
私をだまさないで
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