Question

哪位大哥大姐帮忙翻译这段英文，小弟不胜感激

Introduction of Programmable controllers
From a simple heritage, these remarkable systems have evolved to not only replace electromechanical devices, but to solve an ever-increasing array of control problems in both process and nonprocess industries. By all indications, these microprocessor powered giants will continue to break new ground in the automated factory into the 1990s.
HISTORY
In the 1960s, electromechanical devices were the order of the day ass far as control was concerned. These devices, commonly known as relays, were being used by the thousands to control many sequential-type manufacturing processes and stand-along machines. Many of these relays were in use in the transportation industry, more specifically, the automotive industry. These relays used hundreds of wires and their interconnections to effect a control solution. The performance of a relay was basically reliable - at least as a single device. But the common applications for relay panels called for 300 to 500 or more relays, and the reliability and maintenance issues associated with supporting these panels became a very great challenge. Cost became another issue, for in spite of the low cost of the relay itself, the installed cost of the panel could be quite high. The total cost including purchased parts, wiring, and installation labor, could range from $30~$50 per relay. To make matters worse, the constantly changing needs of a process called for recurring modifications of a control panel. With relays, this was a costly prospect, as it was accomplished by a major rewiring effort on the panel. In addition these changes were sometimes poorly documented, causing a second-shift maintenance nightmare months later. In light of this, it was not uncommon to discard an entire control panel in favor of a new one with the appropriate components wired in a manner suited for the new process. Add to this the unpredictable, and potentially high, cost of maintaining these systems as on high-volume motor vehicle production lines, and it became clear that something was needed to improve the control process – to make it more reliable, easier to troubleshoot, and more adaptable to changing control needs.
That something, in the late 1960s, was the first programmable controller. This first ‘revolutionary’ system wan developed as a specific response to the needs of the major automotive manufacturers in the United States. These early controllers, or programmable logic controllers (PLC), represented the first systems that 1 could be used on the factory floor, 2 could have there ‘logic’ changed without extensive rewiring or component changes, and 3 were easy to diagnose and repair when problems occurred.

Answer 1

介绍可编程控制器
从一个简单的遗产,这显著的系统已经进化到不仅取代机电设备,而是为了解决日益增加的一系列控制问题在这两种过程和nonprocess行业。通过所有的适应症,这些微处理器巨人将继续为动力的新局面,到20世纪90年代的自动化的工厂。
历史
在20世纪60年代,机电设备的议事日程的屁股远为控制问题越来越受到关注。这些设备,俗称继电器、正被利用着成千上万的制造过程和控制多个sequential-type stand-along机器。许多这些继电器被应用在交通行业,更确切的说,汽车工业。这些继电器使用他们数以百计的电线和连接到调用控制解决方案。接力的性能基本可靠——至少是一个单一的装置。但是共同申请继电器板呼吁300 - 500或更多的继电器、可靠性及维护和支持这些电池板相关的问题变得非常巨大的挑战。成本成为了另一个问题,尽管的低成本的圣火传递本身,面板安装成本可能会相当高。总成本包括采购部件、配线和安装的劳动力,可以范围从$ 30 ~ 50美元的传递。更糟的是,不断转变的需要,这个过程称为为复发性修改中的一个控制面板。用继电器,这是一个昂贵的前景所完成的,因为它是一个主要的电路重组的努力,在面板。除了这些改变是有时差,导致second-shift记录维护噩梦月之后。由此可知,这不是希有报废整个控制面板赞成一种新的以适当的部件装上了一个方式适合于新工艺。如果再加上不可预知的,潜在的高成本、维持这些系统已经在大批量电动机

Answer 2

介绍可编程控制器
从简单的遗产，这些不寻常的系统已经发展到不仅取代机电设备，而是解决问题的控制日益增加的过程和非过程中一系列行业的腾飞。所有迹象表明，这些微处理器的供电巨头将继续打破在进入20世纪90年代自动化工厂新的天地。
历史
在20世纪60年代，机电设备是为了这一天的屁股就控制而言。这些设备，俗称继电器，被称为正在使用的数以千计的控制许多连续型生产过程和立场沿机。这些继电器在许多交通运输行业，更具体地说，汽车行业使用。这些继电器使用的电线和数以百计的影响及其相互联系的控制解决方案。一个继电器性能基本可靠 - 至少作为一个单一的设备。但对于普通应用继电器小组的要求300到500个或更多继电器，可靠性和维护与支持这些面板相关的问题成为一个非常巨大的挑战。成本成为另一个问题，因为在继电器的本身成本低，尽管面板的安装成本可能会相当高。总成本包括外购件，布线，安装劳动，可以范围从50〜$ 30元，每继电器。为了使事情变得更糟，为经常性的控制面板修改过程中，被称为不断变化的需求。与继电器，这是一个昂贵的前景，因为它是由面板上的主要精力重新布线完成。另外，这些变化有时会记录不完整，造成了第二个月后移维修的噩梦。鉴于这种情况，这是并不少见丢弃在一个与新工艺适合有线方式相应的组件新的受益人的，整个控制面板。除此之外，还有不可预测的，潜在的高，维持作为高容量的汽车生产线，这些系统的成本，很明显，有什么事需要改进的控制过程 - 使之更可靠，更容易解决，并更加适应不断变化的控制的需要。
的东西，在60年代末，是第一台可编程控制器。这第一个'革命'系统湾发展成为一个具体的回应，在美国主要汽车制造商的需求。这些早期的控制器，或可编程逻辑控制器（PLC），代表了：第一，一可以在工厂里使用的系统，二可能有逻辑，没有广泛的重新布线或元件的变化改变了，三是容易诊断和修复时问题发生。