Question

英语高手请进，翻译一下

1. Introduction
People have many beliefs about language. An important one is that good use of language involves clarity and precision. It is true under some circumstances. For example, you will leave for Beijing for a meeting. So you have to telephone the airline to book a ticket for the plane. You ask the attendant “What is the time of the flight to Beijing,” and the attendant should answer “at 6:15” or “at 9:05”, etc, (the precise time), rather than “this afternoon”. Therefore, it is believed that either ambiguity or imprecision or vagueness is to be avoided. However, the world itself is more than that simple. Language, which is used in our daily life, cannot and need not be clear and precise all the time, especially in the process of communication. As Joanna Channell put in her book Vague Language, “One of the most useful and enduring insights to come out of the recent study of language use is that speakers and writers tailor their language to make it suitable to the situation.”[1] In our daily life, vague language is widely used, but speakers often do not realize that the language they are using is vague. We need vague expressions in thinking and communication. Just as Channell says, “Interest in vagueness in language use and meaning has arisen in a number of disciplines: literary criticism, linguistics, psychology, philosophy. Much of it suggests that vagueness is present in a great deal of language use, and that therefore a complete theory of language must have vagueness as an integral component.”[2] Vagueness of language is a universal phenomenon. As a basic feature of natural language, vagueness is embodied in various aspects of language such as speech sounds, words meaning, syntactic rules, etc. More and more scholars have probed this field, but they still have different opinions on what vagueness refers to. Vague language is neither all “bad” nor all “good” and is playing an important part in human communication. What matters is that vague language is used appropriately and is right for the purpose of human communication. Due to the reason that vague language, the concept itself, is complex, this paper will focus on vague language from the angle of how it is applied into authentic human communication. It is hoped that such a study could help people understand the feasibility of the existence of vague terms and form a kind of vague thinking and initiate Chinese learners of English to adopt vague expressions appropriately in their speech, and consequently, help them become more efficient in intercultural communications. This paper also strives to bring to light certain aspects of pragmatic vagueness, to be more exact, the positive function of vague language in communication. Furthermore, it tries to apply the study to some aspects of language teaching.

Answer 1

1. 引言
人有很多信仰的语言. 其中重要一点是好涉及语言清晰明确. 诚然在某些情况下. 例如,你将前往北京开会. 所以你必须电话预约售票航空公司的飞机. 你问服务员:"什么时候到北京的航班,"服务员回答:"下午6点15分" 或"9时05分"等,(确切的时间),而不是"今天下午". 因此,相信无论是含糊不清或不准确或可避免. 但是,世界本身就是较简单. 语言,这是应用在日常生活,不可能也没必要予以明确和准确的同时, 尤其在沟通过程. 正如她在书中提出JoannaChannell的模糊语言、 "最有益的启示和持久的最新研究出来的,是用语言 讲自己的语言和作家身使它适于这种情况. "[1]在日常生活中, 模糊语言被广泛使用,但往往不知道该讲的语言他们用含糊不清. 我们要在思想上和沟通表达含糊. 正如Channell的说,"在语言使用的含糊的兴趣和意义,却出现了一些学科: 文学批评、语言学、心理学、哲学. 许多提示是在模糊了大量语言使用 因此,必须有一个完整的理论语言含糊以组成. "[2]是一个模糊语言 普遍现象. 为基本特征的自然语言、模糊语言体现在各个方面,如语音、 文字的含义,句法规则等更多学者探索这一领域 但还是有不同的意见是指什么模糊. 模糊语言既不是所有"坏"也都"很好",是人类沟通方面发挥了重要作用. 最重要的是适当使用模糊语言是人类沟通为目的的权利. 由于语言的原因,含糊的概念本身就是复杂、 本文将着重从模糊语言是如何应用到真实的人类沟通. 我们希望这项研究能帮助人们了解可行性及存在含糊 形成一种模糊的思想,提倡中国英语学习者通过适度表达含糊其辞 因而,让他们成为更有效率的跨文化沟通. 本文也力图揭示某些方面务实含糊,更确切的说, 模糊语言的交际功能阳性. 此外,它试图运用某些语言教学研究.