Question

英语高手请进，翻译一下

3.1 Vague language and Cooperative Principle
In 1976 Grice proposed that in conversing, human beings follow a behavioral dictum, which he calls Cooperative Principle: Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. He stated that natural language expressions, which are used in conversation, are governed by principles, especially the Cooperative Principle, and the following is his description of the four maxims of this principle:
“Quantity
1. Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the
exchange).
2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
Quality Try to make your contribution one that is true.
1. Do not say what you believe to be false.
2. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
Relation Be relevant.
Manner Be perspicuous.
1. Avoid obscurity of expression.
2. Avoid ambiguity.
3. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).
4. Be orderly.” [10]
People often pursue the precise use of language, and they regard that the use of vague language would hinder effective communication. “And sometimes it appears that the use of vague language violates the Cooperative Principle, especially violates the maxim of Quality, the maxim of Quantity, and the maxim of Manner. With regard to the maxim of Quality, the vagueness caused by the use of vague language would devaluate the truth of the information given by the speaker, which may be regarded that the speaker is deliberately withholding the information. As a result, the hearer would not make out whether it is true or not. In regard to the maxim of Quantity, the vagueness caused by the use of vague language would increase or decrease the information given by the speaker. Excessive information would make the hearer feel boring, while too small amount of information would make the hearer feel confused. On the contrary, the use of vague language is the strategy applied by people when they are not certain about something or when they do not want to make clear of something. Therefore, in certain cases, vague language is used to abide by the Cooperative Principle.” [11] For example:

Answer 1

3.1 含糊的语言和合作的原则
在 1976 Grice 中在交谈方面计划了那,人类跟随一个动作的言明, 他呼叫合作的原则: 使你的会话贡献如此当做被需要, 在它发生的阶段, 被一般承认的目的或谈话的方向交换你是忙碌的在。 他陈述，被用于交谈的自然语言表达被原则统治, 尤其合作的原则,而且下列各项是他的这一项原则的四个格言的描述:
" 量
1. 作你的贡献如情报的当被需要为现在目的 (之时那
交换).
2. 不要作你的贡献更情报的超过被需要。
质量尝试使你的贡献成为真实的一个。
1. 不要说你相信是错误的。
2. 不要说你缺乏适当的证据。
关系是有关的。
样子是明白的。
1. 避免表达的阴暗。
2. 避免不明确。
3. 摘要是。 (避免不必要的冗长)
4. 要有秩序。” [10]
人们时常追求语言的精确使用，而且他们视为含糊语言的使用会阻碍有效的沟通。 " 而且有时看来含糊语言的使用违犯合作的原则,尤其违犯质量的格言，量的格言 , 和样子的格言。 关于质量的格言，由含糊语言的使用所引起的暧昧会贬值被说者给的数据事实,这可能是重视的说者正在故意地扣留数据。 结果，听者不了解是否它是真实的。 关于量的格言，由含糊语言的使用所引起的暧昧会增加或减少被说者给的数据。 过度的数据会使听者感觉无聊而太小量的数据会使听者感觉困惑。 在相反者身上，当他们有关某事不是确定的时候，含糊语言的使用是被人应用的策略或当他们不想要某事清楚地表达的时候。 因此，在特定的情况，含糊的语言用来遵守合作的原则。"[11] 举例来说:
呵呵，翻译得有点生硬。你看哪里不太对劲就改一下，实在不行，就别用了。没办法，我今年才13岁