这八种常用时态的主动和被动的结构如下：
一、一般现在时
1.概念：指经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.
二、一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
三、现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
四、过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
五、现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
六、过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time...,etc.
七、一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
八、过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
在语法里，时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。
时态连同语气、语态、体貌和人称为动词形式至少可能能够表现出的5种语法特性。
有些语言，没有时态的使用，如分析语的中文，但必要时，仍有时间副词的辅助。也有些语言，如日文，形容词的词形变化能表达出时间上的资讯，有着类似动词的时态性质。还有些语言，如俄文，一个单词就能表现出时态和体貌。
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：
一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：
①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；
②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；
③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型，请看：A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作），at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：Peter is at work，but Mike is at playPeter is working，but Mike is playing.
现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go，come，leave，start，arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming，Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.
以上内容参考：百度百科--时态
八种时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 (经常, 反复, 爱好, 特点, 条件, 真理) do; does am;is;are done。
一般过去时 (过去发生的事, 不强调现在的结果) did; -ed was;were done。
一般将来时 (将要发生的事) will do will be done。
现在进行时 (现在正在发生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done。
过去进行时 (当时正在发生的事) was;were doing was;were being done。
现在完成时 (过去发生的事, 强调现在的结果) have;has done have;has been done。
过去完成时 (过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事) had done had been done。
过去将来时 (过去将要发生的事) would do would be done。
八种时态：
• He is always ready to help others. 一般现在时。
She often came to help us in those days.一般过去式。
• He is doing his homework now. 现在进行时。
• At that time she was doing her homework.过去进行时。
• I've written an article.现在完成时。
• By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 。过去完成时 • It is going to rain.一般将来时。
• I asked who was going there. 过去将来时。
一、一般现在时
1.概念：指经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.
3.基本结构：动词+ 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）。
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
7.特殊用法：一些动词可用一般现在时来表达现在进行时：
verbs of the senses: hear,see,taste,smell.
verbs of the thinking: believe,know,mean,realize,think,remember.
verbs of the linking: dislike,fear,hate,like,love,want.
verbs of the possession: belong,have,own,possess.
二、一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：含有Be动词主语+was/were+形容词或者名词......
不含有be动词：主语+动词过去式+......
4.否定句：带be:主语+was/were not+形容词或者名词+......
不带be：主语+didn't+动词原形+......
5.一般疑问句：含be动词was或were放于句首；
不含be动词用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词原型。
Did+主语+动词原形+……？
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
She sang a song of Lin Feng yesterday.
三、现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构：Be动词（am/is/are）+doing
4.否定形式：Be动词（am/is/are）+not+doing.
5.特殊疑问句：把be动词放于疑问词的后面。
6.例句：How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
7. 一般表示位移的词如leave fly arrive go come. 等用现在进行时表将来。
I am flying Beijing next week .表示我下周即将飞往北京。
He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他明天即将去北京。
8.现在进行时就是一个动词后面加ing
四、过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构：was/were + doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has提前。
6.例句：I've written an article.
It has been raining these days.
六、过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time...,etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month，we had reviewed four books
七、一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are + going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：am/is/are + not+going to；will/shall+not(will适用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称）
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
I think he will be back soon
八、过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were + going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
以上内容参考：百度百科-八大时态
被动语态：
主语＋be＋动词过去分词＋by(加宾格)
eg:He waters the flowers every day.
The flowers are watered by him every day.
二）一般过去时
被动语态：主语＋was\were＋动词过去分词
eg：He took care of his little brother yesterday.
His little brother was taken care of by him yesterday
三）现在进行时
被动语态：主语加am\is\are加being加动词过去分词
例句:Helen is writing a letter.
A letter is being written by helen.
四）过去进行时
被动语态：主语+was\were+being+动词过去分词
eg：He was making a model plane.
A model plane was being made by him.
五）现在将来时
主语+be going to be+动词过去分词
eg：They will clean the windows tomorrow.
The windows will be cleaned by them.
六）过去将来时
主语+was/were going to be +动词过去分词
eg:He said he would finish the project by the time we reached there.
He said the project would be finished by the time we reached there.
七）现在完成时
主语+have/has + been+动词过去分词
eg：he has sung a nice song.
A nice song has been sung by him.
八） 过去完成时
主语+had +been +动词过去分词
eg：He had posted the letter .
The letter had been posted by him.
