Question

跪求高人翻译英语论文

“primary capital” (equity plus loan loss reserves) of 5.5 percent of assets. This requirement prevailed until 1989, when regulators began to require a minimum ratio of tier 1 capital to assets of 3 percent. Tier 1 capital excluded loan loss reserves and a portion of preferred equity. Additional capital was required for organizations that exhibited operational weaknesses or that had riskier portfolios and off-balance-sheet activities, including but not limited to interest rate risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk. For all but the highest rated banks, the minimum tier 1 capital ratio was raised at least 100 basis points above the 3 percent minimum (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 1994). In the early 1990s, regulators phased in minimum risk-based capital ratios in two steps, in keeping with the Basle Accord, while maintaining their existing capital regulations. Thus, some banks were presumably bound by the Basle Accord’s risk-based capital guidelines, while others were bound by the capital standards already in place.

Answer 1

“primary capital” (equity plus loan loss reserves) of 5.5 percent of assets.
“主要的资本”(资产)的贷款损失加上5.5%储备资产。

This requirement prevailed until 1989, when regulators began to require a minimum ratio of tier 1 capital to assets of 3 percent.
直到1989年,这个要求盛行时,监管者开始规定了最低的一级资本比率的3%的资产。

Tier 1 capital excluded loan loss reserves and a portion of preferred equity.
排除一级资本储备贷款损失和一份优先股权。

Additional capital was required for organizations that exhibited operational weaknesses or that had riskier portfolios and off-balance-sheet activities, including but not limited to interest rate risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk.
要做额外的资金运作的组织,展出弱点、风险更高的投资组合及资产负债表外的活动,包括但不限于利率风险、信用风险、流动性风险。

For all but the highest rated banks, the minimum tier 1 capital ratio was raised at least 100 basis points above the 3 percent minimum (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 1994).
为所有,但排名最高的银行,最低的一级资本比率筹集了至少100个基点的3%以上管理理事会的最低(1994年)美国联邦储备系统。

In the early 1990s, regulators phased in minimum risk-based capital ratios in two steps, in keeping with the Basle Accord, while maintaining their existing capital regulations.
在20世纪90年代初,监管机构相控最小的基于风险的资本充足率,以保持在两步随巴塞尔协议,同时保持他们现有的资本规定。

Thus, some banks were presumably bound by the Basle Accord’s risk-based capital guidelines, while others were bound by the capital standards already in place.
因此,一些银行被推测其约束的基于风险的资本指南巴塞尔银行监管协议,而另一些人受到资本标准已经到位。

Answer 2

财产的5.5%的一级资本（股本加上贷款损失储备金）。这种要求曾经很盛行，知道1989年，管理者要求资产的一级资本的最小比例为3%。一级资本不包括贷款损失准备金和一部分优先股权。显示出操作弱势的组织或具有风险性更大的投资组合以及资产负债表外的活动，包括但不限于利率风险、信用风险、以及流动性风险等的组织，需要添加额外资本。所有的利率最高的银行都将一级资本最小比例在3%的基础上增加了100个基点（联邦储蓄系统1994年理事会）19世纪90年代早期，管理者响应巴塞尔协议，分2阶段引入基于最小风险的资本比例，但保持了现行的资本法规。因此一些银行受巴塞尔协议中基于风险的资本规则约束，而另一些银行受已经存在的资本标准所约束。

自己不是很专业 仅供参考