Question

麻烦哪位英语高手帮我翻译一篇英语文章

The above four dimensions illuminated the most important cultural differences that affect on business. International managers should be able to aware not only the cultural difference but also the intercultural communication.classify intercultural communication as 'a transactional, symbolic process involving the attribution of meaning between people from different cultures'. Different nations use different languages, so there will be loss or misunderstanding during interpreting. And in some culture, people use implicit words more than others, like China. Thus, the non-verbal communication is important, especially the scenic communication. It includes gestures, body language, eye contacting. The more scenic part in communication, the harder for people to transmit and receive information. Anoth er part is the concept of time. From that, punctuality is the same but reflects different reality. We all know time is money. But when there is a conference, the German usually presents 5 minutes before the start. Spanish will be late for 15 minutes. But in their mind they are both on time. That is something that managers should understand. In my mind, there is another aspect of time, called 'the use of time'. The American and Northern European have a linear time concept. These societies are referred to as Time-Bound societies. Southern Eu ropeans and Arabs regard time in a linear way but more things they can do or handle at the same time. That can be called 'multi-active time'. And then there is the Asian view of time, cyclical time. Asian thinks time will come around again when it pass away, also the opportunities and risks. Besides the above three aspects of communications, there left the space. It is a big concern of in intercultural communications. When you have a conversation with a foreign business partner, the space between you and him are referred to the personal&nb sp;boundary of every culture. Ignorance of space can be lead to real bad impression from other side.
The last but not the least, I would like to talk something about the cross-culture negotiation I researched. Negotiation is a course that at least two groups of people trying to reach an agreement with the others for their own benefit. There are two things in negotiation: the topic and the course. During cross-culture negotiation, the course is the crucial obstruction. Different negotiation ways are produced by different cultures. Under this circumstance, there is a classic standpoint of procedures: exploring with no objective, task oriented, persuading period, and sign contract. International managers should be aware of every procedure. And during each procedure, the strategy, technique, substance, time, sequence and the focal point are different.

Answer 1

上述四个层面发亮文化差异影响最重要的业务. 国际经理人应能知道,不仅文化差异也为跨文化交际.『交易、象征意义归属过程涉及不同文化之间的'. 不同的民族使用不同的语言,所以会在解读损失或误解. 而在某些文化中,人们多用字含蓄,象中国. 因此,非言语沟通是重要的,特别是风景沟通. 它包括手势、肢体语言、眼睛接触. 越是在风景沟通,人们更难传送和接收信息. 二是部分anoth时间概念. 从此,准时但同样是反映现实的不同. 大家都知道时间就是金钱. 但当有一次,德国通常列出前5分钟开始. 西班牙将于晚15分钟. 但他们心中都准时. 管理者应该明白这一点. 在我的心目中,还有另外一个方面,所谓'使用时间'. 美国和北欧的线性时间概念. 这些社团都统称为限时社团. 欧盟和南部阿拉伯人ropeans直线前进,但在时间可以做更多的事情,或在处理 与此同时. 这可称为'多时间活跃'. 而亚洲则是由于时间关系,周期性时间. 亚洲认为时间会再回头时过世,也带来的机遇和风险. 除了上述三方面沟通,但留下的空间. 这是一个大的跨文化沟通的关注. 当你有一个外国的商业伙伴交谈、 你和他之间的空间是指个人与科力; 每个文化界线. 无知空间可以导致真正从对方的坏印象. <最后,我想谈一下跨文化的谈判,我研究. 谈判是一个过程,至少有两批人试图与他人达成协议 自己受益. 有两件事谈判:专题课程. 在跨文化的谈判,当然是关键阻力. 不同的谈判方式是由不同的文化. 在这种情况下,有一个立足点的经典程序:探索无目标、任务导向,说服期 并签订了合同. 国际经理人必须知道每一个程序. 并在每个程序、战略、技术、内容、时间、顺序和重点不同.