Question

做主语时，谓语动词是单数还是复数

Answer 1

fish and chips，tread and butter做主语

Answer 2

也有可能是复数
Your books are red, ours are green. 你的书是红色的，我们的是绿色的。

Answer 3

主语和谓语的一致（Subject-Predicate Agrmnent)
1. 名词作主语与谓语的一致
1) 集合名词作主语，如表示整体概念则用单数谓语形式；如表示成员则用复数谓语形式。比较：
The football team consists of 20 players. 这个足球队由20名成员组成。
The football team are having a bath now. 足球队员们正在洗操。
常见的这部分名词有：army, audience, class, club, committee, company, crowd, couple, family, group, government, jury, party, personnel, staff, team, union, public等。
2) 有些集合名词如：cattle，folk, militia, people, police, poultry, youth等，总是跟复数动词形式。例如：
The police have caught the murderer. 警察抓住了凶手。
【注】以上少数名词有复数形式，但含义不同，如：peoples（民族），youths（男青年）。
3) 单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据意义来决定谓语的形式。常见的这部分名词有：aircraft, deer, fish, means, sheep, species, series, works, crossroads, headquarters等。例如：
（1）The species of fish are numerous. 鱼的种类繁多。
This species of rose is very rare. 这种玫瑰花很稀罕。
（2）Every means has been tried 每种方法都试过广。
The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted. 这里和外界的通讯工具都中断了。
4) 复数名词用作专有名词时，用单数谓语。例如：
The United States was founded in 1776.美国成立于1776年。
“Great Expectations” was written by Dickens in 1860. 《伟大前程》是狄更斯于1860年写成的。
5) 其他情况
（1）“the+形容词”作主语，如表示一类可数的人或事物时，用复数谓语；如表示一类不可数的事物时，则用单数。例如：
The old are well looked after by the government. 政府对老年人照顾得很好。
The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定实用。
（2）表示成双成对东西的名词，若被apair of修饰，要求接单数谓语形式；否则，用复数谓语形式。例如：
These trousers are made in Shanghai. 这些裤子是上海生产的。
This pair of trousers is made in Shanghai. 这条裤子是上海生产的。
2. 由连接词连接的主语与谓语的一致
1) 用“and”连接的两个名词作主语，遵循意义一致的原则。如果指同一个人或物时，用单数谓语形式；如果指不同的人或物，则用复数谓语。例如：
The secretary and manager was present at the meeting. 那位书记兼经理出席了会议。
The secretary and the manager were present at the meeting. 书记和经理都出席了会议。
Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。（看作一件事）
Vertical (writing) and sloping writing are both allowed. 正体字和斜体字都可以。
The tenth (chapter) and the last chapter are translated by Mr. Turner. 第十章和最后一章是特纳先生翻译的。
2) 用both… and连接两个名词作主语，其谓语用复数形式。例如：
Both the secretary and manager have agreed to be present. 书记和经理都已同意出席。
3) 如果主语是and连接的两个单数名词，前面如有each，every, many a，no等修饰时，谓语用单数形式。例如：
During the holidays, every train and steamboat was crowded. 假期中，每列火车，每条船都挤满了乘客。
No teacher and no student is admitted.师生一律不得入内。
Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。
4) 单数名词+ with, along with, together with, combined with, as well as, rather than等所跟的名词作主语时，要遵循语法一致的原则，谓语仍用单数形式。例如:
Tom as well as two of his classmates was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两位同学一起被邀请参加晚会了。
Dr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, ________ to arrive on the evening flight.
A) are B) are going C) is D) will be
C)是正确答案。
译文：史密斯博士及其夫人和两个儿子将乘晚班飞机抵达。
5) 由or, either ... or, neither … nor, not only ... but also等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语在符合毗邻一致的原则，即要与邻近的主语相一致。例如：
One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。
Neither I nor he is to blame. 我和他俩都不该受责备。
Either the principal or his assistants are to attend the meeting. 要么校长要么他的助手们得去参加会议。
3. “代词”以及“限定词+名词”作主语与谓语的一致
1) all, half, most, none, some以及the remainder (of), the rest (of), plenty (of)等代词作主语时，要遵循意义一致的原则，即：其谓语单、复数形式要根据它们所代替的词的含义来确定，试比较：
（1）Most of his spare time was spent in reading. 他的大部分业余时间都花在读书上了。
Most of the houses in this town are new. 这个镇上的大多数房屋是新的。
（2）None of the money is mine. 这笔钱中没有一点是我的。
None of us have (有时也用 has) been to Xi’an. 我们当中谁都没有到过西安。
（3）All were silent. 大家都一言不发。
All was silent. 万籁俱寂。
（4）Half of the oranges are bad. 一半的橘子烂了。
Half of the food is unfit to eat. —半的食物不能吃了。
（5）The rest (of the questions) were easy. 其余的（问题)很容易。
The rest ( of the land ) is uncultivated. 其余的（土地）尚未开垦。
（6）There is still plenty of wine in the bottle. 瓶里还有不少的酒。
There are plenty of books on the shelf. 书架中有许多书。
2) both, (a) few, many, several等限定词修饰的主语，要用复数谓语形式。例如：
Both (of) these films are boring.这两部电影都令人厌烦。
Few (of the) guests were familiar to us. 没有几个客人是我们熟悉的。
3) 由合成代词some (any, no, every) + thing (body, one)作主语，由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other作主语，以及由限定词either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one等+名词作主语时，均跟单数谓语动词。例如：
Nothing but trees was to be seen. 所见到的只有树。
Every man, woman, and child in this community is now aware of the terrible consequences of smoking. 这个居民点的每个男人、妇女和小孩现在意识到吸烟所带来的可怕后果。
No one except my parents knows anything about it. 除了我父母亲以外，没有人知道这件事。
More than one defendant is involved in the case. 这案件涉及到的被告不止一个。
Neither plan really suits me. 这两个计划，哪个都不合我的意。
Either of the rooms is big enough. 这两间屋子哪个都够大的。
【注】在“neither of”和“either of”的否定式中，也可以用复数动词。例如：
Neither of them want(s) to come. 他们俩谁也不想来。
I don’t think either of them is (are) at home. 我想他们俩谁都不在家。
4) 在“one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词，因此该从句中的谓语要用复数形式。例如：
This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。
Mr. Gilman is one of those men who appear to be friendly; however, it is hard to deal with him. 吉尔曼先生属于那些表面上对人友好的人；实际上很难和他打交道。
但是在“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句应该被看成修饰单数名词。例如：
He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize. 他是这些孩子中惟一受到奖励的。
5) 在“代词+定语从句”的结构中，从句谓语的人称、性、数要与被修饰的代词保持一致。例如：
（1）I, who ________ your friend, will try my best to help you.
A) be B) am C) being D) is
B)是正确答案。
译文：我作为你的朋友会尽力帮助你的。
（2）Each one of us who ________ now living is destined to witness remarkable scientific discoveries.
A) is B) has been C) are D) have been
C)是正确答案。
译文：我们每个在世的人必定会亲眼看到一些卓越的科学发现。
6) 由what引导的主语从句，一般要用单数谓语形式。如果从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式时，则要求用复数形式的谓语。例如：
What you said is quite to the point. 你所说的非常中肯。
What we need are qualified teachers.我们需要的是合格的教师。
What are often regarded as poisonous fungi (funguses) are sometimes safely edible. —些常认为有毒的蘑菇有时却可以放心地食用。
4. 数词、量词等作主语与谓语的一致
1) 用作运算的数词作主语时，其谓语常用单数形式。例如：
Ten plus ten makes (或 equals, gives, is) twenty. 十加十等于二十。
Eight minus three is equal to five. 八减三等于五。
Three multiplied by four is twelve. 三乘以四等于十二。
【注】（1）minus（减），plus（加）都是介词。
（2）在非正式英语中，以上例句中的谓语有时也可用复数形式。
（3）如果数词是复数形式，如thousands of，nillions of谓语常用复数。例如：
Millions of dollars have gone into the building of the factory. 建设这座工厂花了数以百万计美元。
2) 数词和表示时间、度、量、衡、温度和金钱等名词作主语表示一定的量或总和（即sum或total）时，谓语一般用单数形式。例如：
Twenty years in prison was the penalty he had to pay. 二十年监禁是他应受的惩罚。
Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum. 一万美金是相当大的一笔款子。
但是：Twenty years have passed since his father died.在该句中，year是作为时间单位（即unit of time）来看，因此要用复数动词。
3) 分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语形式是用单数还是复数取决它们表示的意义。试比较：
（1）About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有三分之一值得一读。
A large percentage of the wheat crop was ruined by the flood. 大部分的麦类作物遭到洪水的毁坏。
（2）Only 20 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只干了20 %的活。
About 20 percent of the students are absent today. 今天有大约20 %的学生缺席。
4)由“kind (form, type, sort, species, portion, series, quantity) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单、复数，而不是后面所跟的名词。例如：
A new type of bus is now on show. 现在正展出一种新型的公共汽车。
All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome. 必须克服各种各样的困难。
Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting. 会上讨论了一些新的艺术形式。
There are already 137 species (单复数同形) of butterflies known. 已经知道有137种蝴蝶。
The kind of books an author writes depend on the kind of man that he is.
A B C D
C是正确答案，应把depend改为depends。
译文：什么样的作家写什么样的书。
A substantial portion of the reports is missing. 那些报告里有相当一部分不见了。
There is only a small quantity of paper (books) left. 只剩下了少量这样的纸（书）。
Large quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes. 冷却需要大量的水。
A series of debates between the lecturers were scheduled for the next weekend.
A B C D
C是正确答案，应把were改为was。
译文：讲演者之间一系列的辩论安排在下周末举行。
5) “a number of”（许多），“a variety of”（各种各样的）和“a group of”（一群，一组）修饰名词作主语，谓语要求用复数形式。但是“the number of”（数目）和“the variety of”（种类）修饰名词作主语，谓语用单数形式。（a number和the number的用法参见第三讲3.3-9节）试比较：
（1）A number of students are from the south. 不少学生来自南方。
The number of students from the north is small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。
（2）There are a variety of toys on sale in that shop. 那个商店出售各种各样的玩具。
The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising. 那个商店货物的品种多得惊人。
5. “there be”结构的主谓一致
“there be”结构是英语中表示“存在”意义的特殊句型。该结构以there为引导词，动词以be最常用，主语一般是泛指或不定指的名词词组。通常，be数的形式取决于主语的单复数；但是当主语为 列结构时，则应遵循语法一致的原则，即：be动词用单数还是复数要取决于靠近动词的那个名词。例如：
There are many fruit trees on the hillside. 山坡上有许多果树。
There is a desk and two chairs in the office. 办公室里有一张桌子和两把椅子。

Answer 4

这要取决于你用什么作主语了，具体情况具体对待