Question

求一个化学文献翻译

Ekeberg [1] discovered tantalum 200 years ago in the
form of oxide. However, the discovery and investigation of
the properties of potassium heptafluorotantalate (K2TaF7)
wastherealbeginningoftantalumchemistryandproduction
development [2].
Tantalumproductiontechnologyhasahistoryofabout80
years. Developments include the implementation of liquid–
liquid extraction in place of fractional precipitation and
sodium reduction instead of electrolysis. However, the
technology of tantalum is still based on potassium fluoro-
tantalate—K2TaF7 (commercial name K-salt) as an inter-
mediate material. Currently, tantalum containing raw
material is dissolved in HF solution, separated and purified
by liquid–liquid extraction using organic solvents. The
purified solution is used to produce K2TaF7 (K-salt) pre-
cipitated in the form of small crystals, which are used as an
initialmaterialfortantalumreductionfromameltbysodium
[3,4].
Thepaper aims tocollectanddiscuss themain properties
of K-salt in crystalline, dissolved and molten forms. The
information could be useful for tantalum producers and
researchers dealing with tantalum chemistry.

Answer 1

200年前Ekeberg以氧化物的形式发现了钽。然而，对六氟钽酸钾（K2TaF7）的性质的发现和研究才是钽的化学和生产研发真正的开始。
钽的生产技术已有约80年的历史。发展包括液液萃取的应用取代了分级沉淀以及钠还原法取代了电解法。但是，钽的技术仍是基于氟钽酸钾-K2TaF7（商品名K -盐）作为中间材料。目前，含钽原料是在HF溶液溶解，和使用有机溶剂液液萃取进行分离纯化。该纯化方案用于生产K2TaF7（K盐）在小晶体，其被作为起始原料用于熔体钠形式还原钽。
本文的目的是收集和讨论的K -盐结晶，溶解和熔融盐形式的主要性能。这些信息可用于钽的生产者和研究人员应用钽化学。

Answer 2

蒸馏塔的三口圆底烧瓶中，加热0.18摩尔的丙二衍生物和水中48％的51克溴化氢。反应混合物加热到120-150℃。溴乙烷蒸在前部用水和和HBr进行蒸馏。随着蒸馏，在三醇中再加入一定量的氢溴酸，其量等于收集起来的蒸馏液（共150毫升）。将混合物加热4小时，待冷却后，产物用冰和250毫升的水进行水解。酸沉淀物成固态。用乙醚萃取（500毫升）。乙醚相用水进行淋洗一次，并蒸发。最后，粗制酸通过共沸蒸馏进行干燥并减压蒸馏。

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