Question

翻译，万分感激

The Science Sociology is the determinant component for analyzing the terms of transformation in Accounting. Political factors are related to cultural factors. First era were shaped under communist regime pressure and state-centered governance, second era have been shaped by liberalization and market-oriented model. The government called this model ‘Open-Door Policy’. The main point of this policy was to harmonize and modernize Chinese accounting with the westerns technical requirements and management skills. In recent years and for the recent era, those policies kept their influence and force Chinese government to publish new accounting standards which are harmonized with international accounting standards. Chinese Accounting System is now closer to International Accounting Standards than the past practice; however it keeps its collectivist, conservative and long-term characteristic and design. Cultural effects still shape the Chinese accounting area.
Research is a process of intellectual discovery, which has the potential to transform our knowledge and understanding of the world around us (Ryan et. al., 2002: p.8). The social researches are also reinvention of social life with the historical perspective. Since the history which is conveyed by epistemological and ontological bodies, viewed as a repository for more than anecdote or chronology, could produce a decisive transformation in the image of science (Khun, 1970: p.1). According to Sy & Thinker, Kuhn has proven that empiricism is defunct, notwithstanding that the frauds S&T cite as proof of history’s inherent fallibility were themselves refuted by evidence, and that the historical materialism that they promote as an alternative to archivalism too requires evidence before one can accept it as an historical explanation of social conditioning (Sy & Tinker, 2005, pp.47-69).
In the case of social science, the progress means the consciousness of conditions (Bourdieu, 1980: p.7). Like any social phenomenon, accounting presents a “historically and geographically” localized result, but that does not imply that accounting should be viewed in isolation at a particular point of space or time (Carnegie and Napier, 2002: p.690). And the recognition of accounting as an applied science is the pivot on which a resolution to get the functions of methodological implications (Archer, p.3). In general, comparative research as a methodological implication is an attempt to identify and explain similarities and differences between phenomena in different locations and cultures in order to function the inherited facts and the real conditions for the research subject.

Answer 1

科学社会学是决定性成分分析的术语上转化的会计。政治锋备因素有关文化因素。第一个纪元是共产党政权下形成的压力和国家中心治理、第二时代所塑造自由化和市场化模式。政府说该模型的对外开放政策”。这一政策的重点是协调和现代化的中国会计与西部电影里看到的技术要求和管理技能。近年来,对近期的时代,这些政策保持他们的影响,迫使中国政府发布的新会计准则的协调与国际会计准则。中国的会计系统现已接近国际会计准则比过去的实践,然而,它就会保持其集体主义、保守和长期的特点...
研究的过程做枣,就是将一个有潜力的知识发现改变我们的知识和理解我们周遭的世界(莱恩et.高庆宇,2002年:第35页)。社会研究也抱有信念的历史的视角和银胡毁社会生活。这是自历史认识论、本体论传达身体,被看作是一种知识库来超过趣闻轶事或更替、转型中可以产生决定性的形象,1970年:科学(Khun 227 - 231页)。根据Sy和思想家,库恩证明,经验主义是,尽管该舞弊已证明的科技引用的内在缺陷,自身历史证据,驳斥,历史唯物主义,他们促进作为一种替代archivalism太需要的证据才将它作为一个人能接受的社会条件的历史解释(Sy及修补匠,2005年,pp.47-69)。
在案例中,社会科学,它的进步意味着意识的条件(布迪厄,1980年:28日)。就像任何的社会现象,提出了一种“历史和地理“局部化的结果,但这并不意味着在封闭的会计应被视为在特定的点的空间或时间(卡内基和纳皮尔,2002:p.690)。但目前对会计作为一种应用科学则轴上的一项决议,以得到重要的方法论意义的功能(弓箭手通才)。一般来说,比较研究作为一种方法论蕴涵是一次尝试,作出比较;认定和解释异同现象在不同的位置,以功能和文化继承的事实和实际的研究课题。

Answer 2

科学社会学是决定性成分分析的术语上转化的会计。政治因素有关文化因素。第一做枣个纪元是共产党政权下形成的压力和state-centered治理、第二时代所塑造自由化和市场化模式。政府说该模型的对外开放政策”。这一政策的重点是协调和现代化的中国会计与西部电影里看到的技术要求和管理技能。近年来,对近期的时代,这些政策保持他们的影响,迫使中国政府发布的新会计准则的协调与国际会计准则。中国的会计系统现已接近国际会计准则比过去的实践,然而,它就会保持其collectivist、保守的、长期的特点和设计。文化效应仍然形成了中国会计领域。

研究的过程,就是将一个知识发现的有潜力改变我们的知识和理解我们锋备周遭的世界(莱恩et.高庆宇,2002年:第35页)。社会研究也抱有信念的历史的视角和社会生活。这是自历史认识论、本体论传达身体,被看作是一种知识库来超过趣闻轶事或更替、转型中可以产生决定性的形象,1970年:科学(Khun 227 - 231页)。根据Sy和思想家,库恩证明,经验主义是,尽管该舞弊已证明的科技引用的内在缺陷,自身历史证据,驳斥,历史唯物主义,他们促进作为一种替代archivalism太需要的证据才将银胡毁它作为一个人能接受的社会条件的历史解释(Sy及修补匠,2005年,pp.47-69)。

在案例中,社会科学,它的进步意味着意识的条件(布迪厄,1980年:28日)。就像任何的社会现象,提出了一种“历史性的会计和地理“局部化的结果,但这并不意味着在封闭的会计应被视为在特定的点的空间或时间(卡内基和纳皮尔,2002:p.690)。但目前对会计作为一种应用科学则轴上的一项决议,以得到重要的方法论意义的功能(弓箭手通才)。一般来说,比较研究作为一种方法论蕴涵是一次尝试,作出比较;认定和解释异同现象在不同的位置,以功能和文化继承的事实和实际的研究课题。