Question

求翻译~~把中文摘要翻译成英文，不要软件翻译的，请英语高手帮忙了谢谢！

桩基础具有比较大的整体性和刚度，不仅能承受较大的竖向荷载和水平荷载，而且能适应高、重、大的建筑物的要求，桩基础已经成为我国工程建设中广为采用的一种重要基础形式。过去很长一段时期，人们对桩基承受竖向荷载作用的机理与特性研究的相对多些，而对承受水平侧向荷载时桩基的工作特性研究的相对较少。随着我国基本工程建设事业的蓬勃发展，港口码头、跨海大桥、水闸、海上石油平台的建设，在边坡支护、港口码头以及海洋桩基工程领域中，桩基的水平承载力作用起到了至关重要的作用，因而对水平承载桩的特性分析与研究是十分必要的。
本文回顾了目前管桩的国内外应用和发展情况，简要介绍了有限元的基本概念和原理，同时对预应力管桩的特点、施工工艺以及常用的数值分析方法进行了概述，分析了复合地基的变形稳定性进行，并对管桩的水平受力特性进行了研究。概括起来主要做了以下工作：
（1）简单介绍了课题研究的背景、国内外管桩的发展现状，以及有限元的基本理论和非线性有限元的基本原理。
（2）以前人的研究理论为基础，运用有限元法，结合大型有限元通用软件ADINA,对黄河东安护岸控导工程中的现浇混凝土管桩建立了三维有限元模型，为了使所建模型与实际工程情况一致，采用了与实体一样的圆截面管桩模型。
（3）桩、土单元均采用六面体八节点的等参实体单元，个别地方采取了五面体六节点单元，在确定边界条件和计算范围后，对所建模型进行有限元计算网格剖分。
（4）对承受水平荷载的管桩进行了三维有限元数值分析，研究了混凝土管桩在水平荷载作用下的水平向位移、竖向位移、以及应力应变，并分析管桩在不同冲刷坑深度情况下的位移、应力应变的变化情况。

Answer 1

桩基础具有比较大的整体性和刚度，不仅能承受较大的竖向荷载和水平荷载，而且能适应高、重、大的建筑物的要求，桩基础已经成为我国工程建设中广为采用的一种重要基础形式。
Compare big pile foundation has integrity and stiffness, not only can bear larger vertical load and horizontal load, and can adapt high, heavy, big buildings requirements, pile foundation has become widely adopted in engineering construction of an important foundation forms.

过去很长一段时期，人们对桩基承受竖向荷载作用的机理与特性研究的相对多些，而对承受水平侧向荷载时桩基的工作特性研究的相对较少。
For a long time, people on the pile foundation under vertical load principle and characteristics of the relative more research, and when to withstand levels lateral load pile foundation of the working characteristic study is relatively rare.

随着我国基本工程建设事业的蓬勃发展，港口码头、跨海大桥、水闸、海上石油平台的建设，在边坡支护、港口码头以及海洋桩基工程领域中，桩基的水平承载力作用起到了至关重要的作用，因而对水平承载桩的特性分析与研究是十分必要的。
With China's basic engineering construction undertaking of booming development, ports, cross-sea bridge, sluices, offshore oil platform construction, in slope shoring, ports and ocean pile foundation engineering field, the level of pile bearing capacity role played a crucial role, and the characteristics of horizontal load pile analysis and study is very necessary.

本文回顾了目前管桩的国内外应用和发展情况，简要介绍了有限元的基本概念和原理，同时对预应力管桩的特点、施工工艺以及常用的数值分析方法进行了概述，分析了复合地基的变形稳定性进行，并对管桩的水平受力特性进行了研究。
This paper review the current domestic and international application and development of piles, briefly introduces the basic concept and principle of the finite element of prestressed pipe pile, and the characteristics, construction process and the commonly used method of numerical analysis are summarized, analyzed the deformation stability of composite foundation, and the level of pile force characteristics have been investigated.

概括起来主要做了以下工作：
Below are the major summarizing work:

（1）简单介绍了课题研究的背景、国内外管桩的发展现状，以及有限元的基本理论和非线性有限元的基本原理。
(1) simply introduces research background, the development situation of domestic and foreign pile, and the basic theory and finite element method of nonlinear finite element basic principle.

（2）以前人的研究理论为基础，运用有限元法，结合大型有限元通用软件ADINA,对黄河东安护岸控导工程中的现浇混凝土管桩建立了三维有限元模型，为了使所建模型与实际工程情况一致，采用了与实体一样的圆截面管桩模型。
(2) ago people research theory as a foundation, by using the finite element method, combining off-the-shelf software ADINA, large finite element of the Yellow River KongDao engineering of revetment dongan cast-in-situ concrete pile 3-d finite element model was established, in order to make the model with the actual engineering situation is consistent, used the same with circular cross section of pipe entity model.

（3）桩、土单元均采用六面体八节点的等参实体单元，个别地方采取了五面体六节点单元，在确定边界条件和计算范围后，对所建模型进行有限元计算网格剖分。
(3) piles and soils unit adopts hexahedral eight node isoparametric entity unit, individual place taken five surface body in six node unit, boundary conditions and calculation scope, for the built model finite element calculation mesh dissection.

（4）对承受水平荷载的管桩进行了三维有限元数值分析，研究了混凝土管桩在水平荷载作用下的水平向位移、竖向位移、以及应力应变，并分析管桩在不同冲刷坑深度情况下的位移、应力应变的变化情况。
(4) the pile of bear horizontal load 3-d finite element numerical analysis, research the concrete pile under horizontal loads to the level of displacement and vertical displacement and stress strain, and analysis in different scour pit depth pipe under the condition of displacement, stress and strain change.

Answer 2

Integrity and rigidity of pile foundation with relatively large, not only under vertical load and horizontal load and can meet the needs of high buildings, heavy, large, pile foundation has become widely adopted as an important foundation in China's construction. For a long period in the past, people of pile foundation under vertical loading mechanism and characteristics of the relatively more, and on the level of under lateral loading pile base of operating characteristics of relatively small. With the development of China's basic construction, port, cross-Sea Bridge, the gate, construction of oil platforms at sea, in side slope support, port and marine pile foundation engineering in the field of horizontal bearing capacity of pile foundation has played a crucial role, so the horizontal bearing capacity of pile characteristic analysis and research is necessary.
This article reviews the current application and development of pipe piles in the world, provides an overview of basic concepts and principles of the finite, characteristics and construction technology of prestressed pipe piles at the same time and provides an overview of commonly used numerical analysis methods, stability analysis of composite Foundation deformation and study characteristics of pipe pile under lateral force. Sum up the main has done the following work:
(1) simple introduces the background to the research, development status of pipe pile at home and abroad, and finite element of basic theory and basic principles of nonlinear finite.
(2) to predecessors based on the theory of using finite element method, combined with the large finite generic software ADINA, DongAn revetment of river training works of the Yellow River in-situ concrete pipe piles to establish a three-dimensional finite element models, in order to make the model consistent with the actual situation, using a circular section tube pile model with the entity.
(3) pile-soil unit with eight node isoparametric hexahedron entity unit, took five of six local node, in the determination of boundary condition and after calculations, built up on the model for finite element mesh.
(4) to withstand horizontal loads a three dimensional finite element numerical analysis of the pile, studied the concrete pipe pile under horizontal load of horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and stress, strain, and analysis of pipe pile in different displacement, stress and strain of scour hole depth case changes.