过去进行时的变化规则

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2011-04-03
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  如题。。过去式和过去分词的根本区别在哪。还有比如我想问。我昨天说我前天5点在吃饭。这句话怎么说。。have/had been都是在什么情况下用的。是否was/were都是被动语态?还有最好都是举个例子0.0.问题补充:

  0.0我主要想知道的是过去式和过去分词的根本区别。什么情况下会用到过去分词。还有代表的意义是什么
  另外过去式也可以用have的吗?

  其他回答 共3条
  如果要强调你过去的某一个进行中的动作,就用过去进行时。如果只是要说明过去的所做的事情而不是强调那个动作,就用一般过去时。如果比如说你昨天说你前天5点在吃饭就说Yesterday,I said that I was having dinner in 5 o'clock the day before yesterday.而have /had been 是过去完成时的,是说明你做了,完成了什么,比如说你完成了作业就说I have finished my homework .而was /were 并不一定都是被动语态,比如说我从前是个小男孩就可以说I was a little boy.可以根据句意来判断是被动语态还是系动词。谢谢采纳 回答者: pc3616109 | 一级 | 2010-7-29 10:31
  规则动词的过去式变化如下:
  一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:
  worked played wanted acted
  以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如: lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
  以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:
  studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如: stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
  go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew

  动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化
  AB型
  can could shall should
  will would may might
  AAA型
  cost cost cost
  cut cut cut
  hit hit hit
  hurt hurt hurt
  let let let
  must must must
  put put put
  set set set
  shut shut shut
  read read read
  AAB型
  beat beat beaten
  ABA型
  become became become
  come came come
  run ran run
  ABB型
  bring brought brought
  buy bought bought
  think thought thought
  catch caught caught
  teach taught taught
  build built built
  lend lent lent
  send sent sent
  spend spent spent
  dig dug dug
  hang hung hung
  feel felt felt
  keep kept kept
  sleep slept slept
  sweep swept swept
  leave left left
  smell smelt smelt
  spill spilt spilt
  lay laid laid
  pay paid paid
  say said said
  sell sold sold
  tell told told
  sit sat sat
  spit spat spat
  stand stood stood
  understand understood understood
  learn learnt learnt
  mean meant meant
  spoil spoilt spoilt
  shine shone shone
  win won won
  have had had
  make made made
  hear heard heard
  find found found
  hold held held
  ABC型
  begin began begun
  drink drank drunk
  ring rang rung
  sing sang sung
  sink sank sunk
  swim swam swum
  blow blew blown
  fly flew flown
  grow grew grown
  know knew known
  throw threw thrown
  draw drew drawn
  show showed shown
  break broke broken
  choose chose chosen
  forget forgot forgotten
  freeze froze frozen
  speak spoke spoken
  wake woke woken
  drive drove driven
  eat ate eaten
  fall fell fallen
  give gave given
  hide hid hidden
  ride rode ridden
  rise rose risen
  take took taken
  mistake mistook mistaken
  write wrote written
  am,is was been
  are were been
  do did done
  go went gone
  lie lay lain
  see saw seen
  wear wore worn
  易错型
  show showed shown
  draw drew drawn
  fall fell fallen
  feel felt felt
  hold held held
  help helped helped

  think thought thought
  thank thanked thanked
  take took taken
  talk talked talked
  get got got
  forget forgot forgotten
  meet met met
  mean meant meant
  hit hit hit
  hide hid hidden
  ring rang rung
  bring brought brought
  eat ate eaten
  beat beat beaten
  lie lay lain
  lay laid laid
  find found found
  found founded founded
  buy bought bought
  bring brought brought
  learn learnt learnt
  hear heard heard
  回答者:leosongyou - 进士出身 九级 3-31 22:03
  评价已经被关闭 目前有 3 个人评价
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  33% (1)

  其他回答共 2 条
  5 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
  动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
  1) 规则变化
  情况 例词 读音与说明
  动词原形 过去式 过去分词
  一般在动词原形后加-ed look
  call
  open
  need looked
  called
  opened
  needed looked [lukt]
  called [kC:ld]
  opened [5EupEnd]
  needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后
  发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]

  ②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
  后发音为[id]

  ③但fix的过去式和过去
  分词x不双写,为fixed.
  以-e结尾的动词加-d move
  phone
  hope
  agree moved
  phoned
  hoped
  agreed moved [mu:vd]
  phoned [fEund]
  hoped [hEupt]
  agreed [E5^ri:d]
  以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,
  再加-ed study
  carry
  try studied
  studied
  carried studied [5stQdid]
  carried [5kArid]
  tried [traid]
  以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play
  enjoy
  stay played
  enjoyed
  stayed played [pleid]
  enjoyed [in5dVCid]
  stayed [steid]
  末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop
  plan
  fit stopped
  planned
  fitted stopped [stCpt]
  planned [plAnd]
  fitted [5fitid]
  以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
  再加-ed prefer
  refer preferred
  referred preferred [prI`f:d]
  referred [ri5fE:]

  2) 不规则变化
  英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
  1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  cut(切)
  hit(打)
  cast(扔)
  hurt(伤害)
  put(放)
  let(让)
  shut(关)
  cost(花费)
  set(放)
  rid(清除) cut
  hit
  cast
  hurt
  put
  let
  shut
  cost
  set
  rid cut
  hit
  cast
  hurt
  put
  let
  shut
  cost
  set
  rid

  2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  find(找到)
  pay(支付)
  leave(离开)
  lend(借出)
  meet(遇见)
  keep(保持)
  lose(丢失)
  teach(教)
  sit(坐)
  lead(引导)
  win(赢)除) found
  paid
  left
  lent
  met
  kept
  lost
  taught
  sat
  led
  won found
  paid
  left
  lent
  met
  kept
  lost
  taught
  sat
  led
  won

  3.动词原形与过去分词同形
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  come(来)
  run(跑)
  become(成为) came
  ran
  became come
  run
  become

  4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  give(给)
  fly(飞)
  drink(喝)
  see(看见)
  go(去)
  know(知道)
  wear(穿)
  speak(说) gave
  flew
  drank
  saw
  went
  knew
  wore
  spoke given
  flown
  drunk
  seen
  gone
  known
  worn
  spoken

  5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  burn(燃烧) burned
  burnt burned
  burnt
  learn(学习) learned
  learnt learned
  learnt
  smell(闻) smelled
  smelt smelled
  smelt
  spell (拼写) spelled
  spelt spelled
  spelt
  shine (照射) shined
  shone shined
  shone
  leap (跳) leaped
  leapt leaped
  leapt
  提示
  a. beat的过去式与原形同形:
  比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词)
  b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
  比:lie lied, lied(说谎)
  lay, lain(躺,位于)
  c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
  比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)
  hung, hung(挂,吊)
  d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
  比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)
  welcome, welcome(误)
  e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
  比:hit(打) hit, hit(正)
  hitted, hitted(误)

  6 现在分词的变化规则
  规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音
  一般在动词原形词尾加-ing,-ing发音为 [iN] go
  push
  play
  carry going [5^EuiN]
  pushing [5puFiN]
  playing [pleiiN]
  carrying [5kAriiN]
  以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing take
  write
  leave taking [5teikiN]
  writing [5raitiN]
  leaving [5li:viN]
  重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该辅音字母双写,再加-ing cut
  stop
  fit
  begin
  forget cutting [5kQtiN]
  stopping [5stCpiN]
  fitting [5fitiN]
  beginning [bi5^iniN]forgetting [fE5^etiN]
  以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-ing lie
  die
  tie lying [5laiiN]
  dying [5daiiN]
  tying [5taiiN]

  后面是r的,加了ed是否要读成类似“gather的”,直接加读音d,肯定没错。

  下面是一些搜来的资料,希望对你有帮助。

  动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
  动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
  1) 规则变化
  情况 例词 读音与说明
  动词原形 过去式 过去分词
  一般在动词原形后加-ed look
  call
  open
  need looked
  called
  opened
  needed looked [lukt]
  called [kC:ld]
  opened [5EupEnd]
  needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后
  发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]

  ②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
  后发音为[id]

  ③但fix的过去式和过去
  分词x不双写,为fixed.
  以-e结尾的动词加-d move
  phone
  hope
  agree moved
  phoned
  hoped
  agreed moved [mu:vd]
  phoned [fEund]
  hoped [hEupt]
  agreed [E5^ri:d]
  以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,
  再加-ed study
  carry
  try studied
  studied
  carried studied [5stQdid]
  carried [5kArid]
  tried [traid]
  以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play
  enjoy
  stay played
  enjoyed
  stayed played [pleid]
  enjoyed [in5dVCid]
  stayed [steid]
  末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop
  plan
  fit stopped
  planned
  fitted stopped [stCpt]
  planned [plAnd]
  fitted [5fitid]
  以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
  再加-ed prefer
  refer preferred
  referred preferred [prI`f:d]
  referred [ri5fE:]

  2) 不规则变化
  英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况。
  1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  cut(切)
  hit(打)
  cast(扔)
  hurt(伤害)
  put(放)
  let(让)
  shut(关)
  cost(花费)
  set(放)
  rid(清除) cut
  hit
  cast
  hurt
  put
  let
  shut
  cost
  set
  rid cut
  hit
  cast
  hurt
  put
  let
  shut
  cost
  set
  rid

  2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  find(找到)
  pay(支付)
  leave(离开)
  lend(借出)
  meet(遇见)
  keep(保持)
  lose(丢失)
  teach(教)
  sit(坐)
  lead(引导)
  win(赢)除) found
  paid
  left
  lent
  met
  kept
  lost
  taught
  sat
  led
  won found
  paid
  left
  lent
  met
  kept
  lost
  taught
  sat
  led
  won

  3.动词原形与过去分词同形
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  come(来)
  run(跑)
  become(成为) came
  ran
  became come
  run
  become

  4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  give(给)
  fly(飞)
  drink(喝)
  see(看见)
  go(去)
  know(知道)
  wear(穿)
  speak(说) gave
  flew
  drank
  saw
  went
  knew
  wore
  spoke given
  flown
  drunk
  seen
  gone
  known
  worn
  spoken

  5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
  例:
  原形 过去式 过去分词
  burn(燃烧) burned
  burnt burned
  burnt
  learn(学习) learned
  learnt learned
  learnt
  smell(闻) smelled
  smelt smelled
  smelt
  spell (拼写) spelled
  spelt spelled
  spelt
  shine (照射) shined
  shone shined
  shone
  leap (跳) leaped
  leapt leaped
  leapt
  提示
  a. beat的过去式与原形同形:
  比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词)
  b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
  比:lie lied, lied(说谎)
  lay, lain(躺,位于)
  c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
  比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)
  hung, hung(挂,吊)
  d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
  比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)
  welcome, welcome(误)
  e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
  比:hit(打) hit, hit(正)
  hitted, hitted(误)
  参考资料:百度知道

  规则动词过去式的构成

  构成规则 原形 过去式
  一般动词原形末尾加-ed look
  play
  lift
  looked[lukt]
  played[pleid]
  lifted['liftid]

  结尾是e的动词加-d live
  hope
  use
  lived[livd]
  hoped[h3upt]
  used[juz:d]

  末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed stop
  plan(计划)
  fit(适合)
  stopped[stCpt]
  planned[pl$nd]
  fitted['fitid]

  结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变"y"为"i"再加"ed" study
  carry
  worry
  studied['stKdid]
  carried['k$rid]
  worried['wKrid]

  2) 规则动词过去式加“ed”后的发音规则:

  读音 例词
  在浊辅音和元音后面 [d] called[kC:ld] borrowed['bCr3ud]
  moved[mu:vd] enjoyed[in'dICid]
  welcomed['welk3md] answered['a:ns3d]

  在清辅音后面 [t] finished['finisNt] helped[helpt]
  passed[pa:st] reached[ri:tNt]

  在[t],[d]音后面 [id] wanted['wCntid] started['sta:tid]
  needed['ni:did] counted['kauntid]

  3) 不规则动词的过去式参见不规则动词表,常见不规则动词有:

  am/is - was
  have - had
  come - came
  put - put
  buy - bought
  wear - wore
  are - were
  do - did
  say - said
  eat - ate
  read - read[red]
  go - went
  get - got
  see - saw
  take - took
  make - made

  回答者: 10hanghang - 四级 2010-7-27 12:42

  cost(花费) cost cost
  cut(割) cut cut
  hit(打) hit hit
  hurt 伤害) hurt hurt
  let(让) let let
  put(放) put put
  read (读) read read
  (2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
  beat(跳动) beat beaten
  (3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
  become(变成) became become
  come(来) came come
  run(跑) ran run
  (4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
  dig(挖) dug dug
  get(得到) got got
  hang(吊死) hanged hanged
  hang(悬挂) hung hung
  hold(抓住) held held
  shine(照耀) shone shone
  sit(坐) sat sat
  win (赢) won won
  meet(遇见) met met
  keep (保持) kept kept
  sleep(睡) slept slept
  sweep(扫) swept swept
  feel(感觉) felt felt
  smell(闻) smelt smelt
  leave(离开) left left
  build(建设) built built
  lend(借出) lent lent
  send (传送) sent sent
  spend(花费) spent spent
  lose (丢失) lost lost
  burn (燃烧) burnt burnt
  learn(学习) learnt learnt
  mean(意思是) meant meant
  catch(抓住) caught caught
  teach(教) taught taught
  bring(带来) brought brought
  fight (战斗) fought fought
  buy(买) bought bought
  think(想) thought thought
  hear (听见) heard heard
  sell(卖) sold sold
  tell(告诉) told told
  say(说) said said
  find(找到) found found
  have/has(有) had had
  make(制造) made made
  stand(站) stood stood
  understand明白understood understood
  (5) ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
  begin(开始) began begun
  drink(喝) drank drunk
  ring(铃响) rang rung
  sing (唱) sang sung
  swim(游泳) swam swum
  blow(吹) blew blown
  draw (画) drew drawn
  fly(飞) flew flown
  grow(生长) grew grown
  know(知道) knew known
  throw(投掷) threw thrown show(出示) showed shown
  break(打破) broke broken choose(选择) chose chosen
  forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)
  speak(说,讲) spoke spoken
  wake(醒) woke woke
  drive(驾驶) drove driven
  eat(吃) ate eaten
  fall(落下) fell fallen
  give(给) gave given
  rise(升高) rose risen
  take(取) took taken
  mistake(弄错) mistook mistaken
  ride(骑) rode ridden
  write(写) wrote written
  do(做) did done
  go(去) went gone
  lie(平躺) lay lain
  see(看见) saw seen
  wear (穿) wore worn
  be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been
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