定语从句中的先行词
定语从句中的先行词
定语从句，是用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的`句子。被修饰名词或代词在定语从句前面，称为先行词。引导定语从句的连词，称为关系词，关系词包括关系代词与关系副词。
1. 一个词(名词或代词)
【真题例句】For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances ,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.
【考点】Who 引导定语从句修饰前面的名词acquaintances。
【翻译】不过，要出现某个社会潮流，每个被这样影响的人必须接着去影响自己认识的人，而这些人反过来再去影响他们认识的人，如此循环下去。其他人中有多少人注意到这些人，几乎与最初的影响者没有什么关系。
2. 一个短语
【真题例句】During the past generation, the America middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.
【考点】句子的主干是the America middle-class family...has been transformed 。That引导定语从句修饰the America middle-class family，即先行词是名词短语the America middle-class family 。
【翻译】上一代，经济危机和新实现使曾经靠努力工作和公平竞争来保持收入稳定的美国中产阶级家庭发生了改变。
3. 一个从句
【真题例句】The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
【考点】本句中which引导的定语从句修饰的不是the process of thought或he structure of language，而是整个宾语the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought，它所表达的是一种观点，即which指代这种观点。
【翻译】希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在某种联系。这一观点早在人们意识到语言的千差万
别之前早已在欧洲扎下了根。
4. 一个完整的句子
【真题例句】When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shape is inescapably political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust.
【考点】which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰When the court...is inescapably political。
【翻译】当法院处理社会决策时，它定制的法律不可避免地具有政治性—这也就是为什么不同意识形态的决策容易被认为是不公平的而不予考虑。
定语从句知识
一、定义：
在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、特点：
1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
2. 关联词：
1)引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。
2)关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行词。
关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。
三、基本结构：
先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分
