Question

请高手帮忙翻译,请不要用机器,在线等,谢谢!

1、由于人们在感情，在对客观事物的感受及社会经历等方面会有相似之处，英汉习语中有少量相同或近似的习语，这些习语字面意义，形象意义相同或近似，隐含意义相同，也就是说，此类习语的字面意义和形象意义所传达出的文化信息是相同的，可以互译。如Easy come, easy go与汉谚“来得容易，去得快”、strike while the iron is hot与“趁热打铁”、Practice makes perfect与“熟能生巧”、Example is better than precept与“身教胜于言传”等等。相近似的有spend money like water与“挥金如土”；汉语成语“破釜沉舟”与英语burn one’s boats都源于军事家的策略。两个习语字面意义和形象意义近似，略有差别，隐含意义相同，形象意义互译。此类习语直译，保存了原文的字面意义、形象意义和隐含意义，保留了原文的风格，译文读者也很容易理解、接受，是一种最佳方式。当原习语的隐含意义很明显或很容易推断时，读者可以通过字面领悟它的含义，则直译字面意义。All roads lead to Rome译成“条条大道通罗马”。就是一个成功的例子。再如以下几例：雪中送炭 to offer fuel in snowy weather一人得道，鸡犬升天 even the dog swaggers when its master win favor“瓜田李下”来自“瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠”，译为Neither adjust your shoe in a melon patch，nor your hat under a plum tree。类似这样的习语译文，读者只要用心体会一下，就会明白其隐含意义，不但保留了原文的形象，而且增加了阅读的趣味。
2、有些习语由于文化因素的影响，在翻译时无法保留原语的字面意义和形象意义，可将原文的形象更换成另一个译文读者所熟悉的形象，从而转达出原文的语用目的，译出隐含意义。如何自然教授在《语用学与英语学习》中举的一个例子When in Rome，do as the Romans do。如果按字面意义直译，读者会不明白，为什么是罗马而不是别的什么地方？其实它的隐含意义就是“入乡随俗”，若译为“到什么山，唱什么歌”，则更为形象生动，关于译成以上两者中的哪一个，则要视原文体、上下文语境而定。我们知道“龙”在英汉两种文化中的意义完全不同，所以汉语“望子成龙”的形象在英译时不能保留，可意译为to expect one’s son to become an outstanding personage，又如英语习语a cat on hot bricks形象是一只在炽热的砖头上行走的猫，痛苦而狼狈，这个情景和汉语的“热锅上的蚂蚁”不谋而合，都表示“焦急而狼狈”，翻译时更换了形象，更利于读者的理解。有些习语在翻译时无法保留原文的字面意义和形象意义，而只能译出它的隐含意义，如“天有不测风云”，若把它的字面意义和形象意义毫不保留地译成英语，会使英文读者不知所云，因为汉语中“风云”的文化含义一般的西方人很难理解，若把它的隐含意义译出，就会一目了然：Something unexpected may happen any time，这种情况在源于典故的习语中较常见。如Achilles’heel若直译为“阿克勒斯的脚后跟”并不能让大多数人理解，而译出它的隐含意义“唯一致命的弱点”更恰当。又如：the dog that will fetch a bone will carry a bone在译成汉语时，其中的字面形象dog、bone都不能直译，只能舍弃它的字面意义和形象意义，译出隐含意义：“对你说别人坏话的人，也会说你的坏活”。同类的例子还有fight like cat and dog如果按字面意义直译成汉语，虽保留了原文的形象，但不符合汉语的表达习惯。We still love each other very much ，but we fight like cat and dog可译为：“我们常吵吵闹闹，但仍很相爱。”

Answer 1

1, because of the people are in the affection, at experience and wait the aspect and there will be the place of the likeness to the feeling and societies of the objective thing, English-to-Chinese the habit has a little amount same or similar habit language in the language, these language typeface meaning, the image meaning homology or look like, implicit meaning homology, also is to say, this kind of typeface meaning of habit language is similar to the cultural information of that the image meaning inform, can translate with each other.Such as the Easy come, the easy go and byword" come easily, light go", the strike while the iron is hot with" strike while iron is hot", the Practice makes perfect with" practice make perfect", the Example is better than precept and" the body teaches the better than speech how to spread" etc..Look like mutually of have the spend money like water with" squander money like dust";The Chinese language idiom" cut off all means of retreat" with English burn one' the s boatses all come from the military house of strategy.Two habits language typeface meaning is similar to the image meaning look like, have the difference slightly, implicit meaning, the image meaning translates with each other.This kind of habit language literal translation, kept the typeface meaning, the image meaning and implicit meanings of the original text, reserve the style of the original text, translate the text the reader also comprehend, accepts very easily, is a kind of best way.When original habit the implicit meaning of the language very obvious or predict very easily, the reader can comprehend its meaning through a typeface, then transliterating the typeface meaning.The All roads lead to Rome translate" a Rome".It is a successful example.Again such as following several example:Give timely assistance one person, the to offer fuel in snowy weather to achieve wisdom, the chicken dog rises even the dog swaggers when its master win favor" the melon farmland LI3 XIA4" to come from" the melon farmland does not adopt, not whole hat of LI3 XIA4" an an an an an an an an an an an an a day, translating for the Neither adjust your shoe in a melon patch, the nor your the hat under the a plum tree.Similar such habit language translates the text, reader as long as work hard to realize once, will understand its implicit meaning, not only reserved the image of the original text, but also increased the interest of the reading.
2, some habit language because of the influence of the cultural factor, while translate can't reserve the typeface meaning and the image meanings of the original language, can acquaint with the image of the original text replace the another translates the text reader of image, thus turn to amount to a language of original text to use the purpose, translate an implicit meaning.How natural professor an example When in Rome raise in 《 language use learn studying with English 》 , do as the Romans do.If press the typeface meaning literal translation, reader would not understand, why is Rome but don't is another where?In fact its implicit meaning is to" adopt the customs of the natives", if translate for" arrive what mountain, sing what song", then is also an image vivid, concerning translate above both win of which, then want to see the original text body, top and bottom the written language but settle.The meaning that we know that" dragon" is in two kinds of cultures of English-to-Chinese is totally different, so the image of the Chinese language" hope sub- Jackie Chan" can't reserve when the English translate, can the liberal translation is the to expect one' the s son to become an outstanding personage, is a such as English language a cat on hot bricks image again cat that walks in the intensely hot brick north bound, painful and distress," the ant of the hot pot" of this scene and Chinese languages agree without previous consultation, all mean" anxious and distress"s, the hour of translation replaced the image, more benefit in the reader's comprehension.Some language of 习 while translate can't reserve the typeface meaning and the image meanings of the original text, but can translate its implicit meaning of only, such as" the day contain sudden change of fortune", if translate without reserve its typeface meaning and the image meaning English, will make English reader incomprehensible, because Chinese language in very difficult comprehension of generally western person of the cultural meaning of" winds and clouds", if translate to its implicit meaning, will is clear at a glance:The Something unexpected may happen any time, this kind of circumstance is more familiar in language of come from literary reference.Such as the Achilles' the heel if literal translations can't let most people comprehend also for" the heel of the gram", but translate" unique fatal weakness" of its implicit meaning of more fitting.Again such as:The the dog that will fetch a bone will carry a bone at translate Chinese language, the typeface image dog, bones in which can't transliterate, can abandon its typeface meaning and the image meaning only, translating an implicit meaning:" Say the person of other people's ill to you, also will say your bad live".The example of the of the same kind still has the fight like cat and dog if press the typeface meaning literal translation to become the Chinese language, although reserved the image of the original text, not agree with the expression of match the Chinese language habit.The We still love each other very much, the but we fight like cat and dog can translate for:" We often quarrel noisily, but still love each other very much."

Answer 2

楼主太小气了，这么一大段文字，再加上不少的专业术语，才给15分。用软件翻还行，人工翻译是不可能的。

Answer 3

太多了拉事故逸不让得分 不然旧给我分