英语的时态 1.一般现在时 2.现在进行时 3.现在完成时 4.现在完成进行时 5. 一般过去时 6. 过去完成时 的公
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英语时态分为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
1.一般现在时
用法：
A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B) 习惯用语。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。
D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。
E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。
常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。
2. 现在进行时(be doing)
用法：
现在正在进行的动作。
3. 现在完成时(have done)
用法：
A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。
C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
注意事项：
A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时。
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确。
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中，主句要求完成时。
4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)
用法：
表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。
注意事项：
与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。
5. 一般过去时
用法：
A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。
C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
注意事项：
A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，
如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示"过去常常或过去曾经"，要求加动词原形；后者表示"习惯于"，要求加名词或动名词。
6. 过去完成时(had done)
用法：
表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示"过去的过去的动作或状态"。
B) hasn't been hearing，现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作，与题意不符。
C) hasn't heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。
注意事项：
“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
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八种时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 (经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理) do; does am;is;are done
一般过去时 (过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果) did; -ed was;were done
一般将来时 (将要发生的事) will do will be done
现在进行时 (现在正在发生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done
过去进行时 (当时正在发生的事) was;were doing was;were being done
现在完成时 (过去发生的事,强调现在的结果) have;has done have;has been done
过去完成时 (过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事) had done had been done
过去将来时 (过去将要发生的事) would do would be done
八种时态：
• He is always ready to help others. 一般现在时
• She often came to help us in those days.一般过去式
• He is doing his homework now. 现在进行时
• At that time she was doing her homework.过去进行时
• I've written an article.现在完成时
• By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 。过去完成时
• It is going to rain.一般将来时
• I asked who was going there. 过去将来时
一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：.
I am a student.——I am not a student.——Is she a student?
He knows the answer of my question.
He doesn’t know the answer of my question.
Does he know the answer of my question?
二、 一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；I was a student last year.
行为动词 的过去式I finished my homework yesterday
4.否定形式：was/were+not; I was not a student last year.
在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。I didn’t finish my homework yesterday
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；Were you a student last year？
用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。Didn’t they finish my homework yesterday?
三、 现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本结构：be+doing He is doing his homework now.
4.否定形式：be+not+doing. He is not doing his homework now.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。Is he doing his homework now.
四、 过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构 s+was/were+doing When he knocked at the door, his mother was cooking.
4.否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing. When he knocked at the door, his mother was not cooking.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）Was his mother cooking, when he knocked at the door?
五、现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 这个农村在过去的几年里变化了很多
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. The countryside has not changed a lot in the past few years.
5.一般疑问句：have或has。Has the countryside changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.
4.否定形式：had + not + done. By the end of last month. We had not reviewed four books.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。By the end of last month. Had we reviewed four books.
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
七、一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.
It is going to rain.
They will finish work tomorrow.
4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do。
It is not going to rain.
They will not finish work tomorrow.
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
Is it going to rain?
Will they finish work tomorrow?
Yes, they will.
No, they won’t.
八、 过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were+going to + do；would/should + do.
They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
They told me that they would not go to work in Guangdong.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
He said he was going there.
Was he going there?
一般现在时 (经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理) do; does am;is;are done
一般过去时 (过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果) did; -ed was;were done
一般将来时 (将要发生的事) will do will be done
现在进行时 (现在正在发生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done
过去进行时 (当时正在发生的事) was;were doing was;were being done
现在完成时 (过去发生的事,强调现在的结果) have;has done have;has been done
过去完成时 (过去完成的事；过去以前发生的事) had done had been done
过去将来时 (过去将要发生的事) would do would be done
八种时态：
• He is always ready to help others. 一般现在时
• She often came to help us in those days.一般过去式
• He is doing his homework now. 现在进行时
• At that time she was doing her homework.过去进行时
• I've written an article.现在完成时
• By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 。过去完成时
• It is going to rain.一般将来时
• I asked who was going there. 过去将来时
一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：.
I am a student.——I am not a student.——Is she a student?
He knows the answer of my question.
He doesn’t know the answer of my question.
Does he know the answer of my question?
二、 一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；I was a student last year.
行为动词 的过去式I finished my homework yesterday
4.否定形式：was/were+not; I was not a student last year.
在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。I didn’t finish my homework yesterday
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；Were you a student last year？
用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。Didn’t they finish my homework yesterday?
三、 现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本结构：be+doing He is doing his homework now.
4.否定形式：be+not+doing. He is not doing his homework now.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。Is he doing his homework now.
四、 过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构 s+was/were+doing When he knocked at the door, his mother was cooking.
4.否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing. When he knocked at the door, his mother was not cooking.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）Was his mother cooking, when he knocked at the door?
五、现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 这个农村在过去的几年里变化了很多
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. The countryside has not changed a lot in the past few years.
5.一般疑问句：have或has。Has the countryside changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.
4.否定形式：had + not + done. By the end of last month. We had not reviewed four books.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。By the end of last month. Had we reviewed four books.
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
七、一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.
It is going to rain.
They will finish work tomorrow.
4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do。
It is not going to rain.
They will not finish work tomorrow.
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
Is it going to rain?
Will they finish work tomorrow?
Yes, they will.
No, they won’t.
八、 过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were+going to + do；would/should + do.
They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
They told me that they would not go to work in Guangdong.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
He said he was going there.
Was he going there?
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1.一般现在时
一构成
⑴ 如果句子中的谓语动词是
be→am∕is∕are
⑵ 如果句子中的谓语动词是v.
①S.三→V-s
② S.→V.
二用法
⑴表示经常、反复发生的或习惯性的动作或状态。
I get up at 6. every day.
⑵表示主语的性格、特征和能力。
She sings well.
⑶表示客观事实和真理。
The sun rises in the east.
⑷表示按计划安排好的将来行为。
The film begins at 8 .
⑸引用书籍、报刊、杂志、介绍剧情、电影说明、舞台说明、图片解说、新闻解说词、新闻标题、以及体育赛事的解说。
⑹某些以here, there开头的句子通常用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作或状态，这类句子通常发生倒装，但如果句子的主语是人称代词，句子则不倒装。
Here comes the bus.
There they are .
2.现在进行时
【No. 1】现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成。be应为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
【No. 2】现在进行时的应用
在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况：
(1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：
They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：
Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
【No. 3】现在进行时的变化
肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.
否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.
一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？
对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。
3.现在完成时
主语+have/has+done+sth.
done为过去分词
例如 I have been to Shanghai
我已经去过上海了
She has finished homework
她已经完成功课
而后面说的是 hasn't/haven't是现在完成时的否定形式 意为 还没有……
现在完成时要注意的就是过去分词 有特殊的也有有规律的 这些要去记
有个句形和现在完成时很像但不是 就是初三会重点学的被动语态
这里顺便说下 被动语态是 be+done+sth.
4.现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous)基本表达式（I have been doing ）/（have/has + been +p.p.） I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth. he/ she/ it has been doing sth. （一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去） I have been learning English since three years. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去） （二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等) （三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。 They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作五年了。 （四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。 I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去） 我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.（动作已经完成） 我已经写了一本书。 They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。 They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。 （五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。 * I have been knowing... 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等。
5. 一般过去时
一 构成
⑴ be→was— ( am, is 的过去式 )
were— ( are 的过去式 )
⑵ V. →V-ed ( 动词过去式 )
二 用法
⑴表示过去发生的动作或状态，通常会有明确的表示过去的时间状语。
I went to the zoo yesterday.
I stayed up last night ..
⑵叙述过去连续发生的动作或状态。
This morning , I got up early , went out for a walk , then came back and cooked for my family .
⑶表示过去某一段不确定的时间内发生的动作或状态。
He worked in the store for 5 years.
⑷讲故事时用一般过去时，但描述故事发生的背景时用过去进行时。
⑸ used to do sth. 过去常常(习惯)做某事
be used to doing sth 一直习惯做某事
I used to get up early. 我过去常常早起.
I am used to getting up early.我一直都习惯于早起.
三 公式
⑴be→was / were
肯：S.+ was∕were+…
否：S.+ wasn’t / weren’t +…
肯疑：Was∕Were + S. +…?
Yes, S.+ was∕were.
No, S.+ wasn’t∕weren’t.
否疑：Wasn’t∕Weren’t + S. +…?
Yes, S. + was∕were.
No, S.+ wasn’t∕weren’t.
⑵V. →V-ed
肯：S. + V-ed+…
否：S. + did not (didn’t )+ V原+…
肯疑：Did + S. + V原+…?
Yes, S.+ did.
No, S.+ didn’t.
否疑：Didn’t + S. + V原+…?
Yes, S.+ did.
No, S.+ didn’t.
6. 过去完成时
过去完成时 had done
时间标志
by last year/by the time of
过去完成时一般和过去时一起出现
sb had done sth before sb did
sb did sth after sb had done
用于hardly when, no sooner than的句式中
we had hardly came home when it rained.
用在“It was the first/second...time+that”句型中
7.过去进行时
表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
句式：主语+was/were+动词ing+其他。
种类:1.表示过去某一时间内（正在）进行的动作
如：I was doing my homeworks at 9 o'clock p.m. last Sunday.
2.表示一动作正在进行时，另一动作同时正在进行.
如：I was reading books while he was cleaning the floor.
3.表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了
如：he played when I was studying.
4.表示过去将要发生的动作
She told us Mr.Lee was arriving here.
5.用于故事，以提供其时间背景
6.表示礼貌
肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语：Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
结构
1. was/were+Ving
eg:My morther was cooking at 6:00p.m. yesterday.（直接表达）
2. 用while连接
eg:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持续动作时态一致)
3. when表示
eg:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(间接表达了具体时间)
8.过去将来时
一．过去将来时的构成：
would+动词原形或was/ were going to+动词原形
如：The farmers didn’t know whether they would have a good harvest.农民们不知道他们是否会有一个好收成。
Li Mei said that she was going to visit her grandma in the country the next Sunday.李梅说下星期天要去看望她乡下的祖母。
二．过去将来时的用法：
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将来要看发生的动作或存在的状态。具体分为：
1．主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。如：
Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。
We didn’t know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我们不知道她是否准备在会上发言。
2．在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。如：
It was a Saturday afternoon. A young man named George had just left school. He was going to start to work the following week, so he decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.一个星期六的下午，一位名叫乔治的年轻人刚离开学校。因为他准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。
三．过去将来时的其他表示法：
1．在时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看将来要发生的动作。如：
They said that they were going to West Hill Farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去西山农场。
The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
2．go, come, leave, fly, drive, arrive, start等表示位置移动的动词常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。如：
She didn’t say when she was coming again next time. 她没说下一次什么时候会再来。
Jim decided they were flying to England next month. 吉姆决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国。
一构成
⑴ 如果句子中的谓语动词是
be→am∕is∕are
⑵ 如果句子中的谓语动词是v.
①S.三→V-s
② S.→V.
二用法
⑴表示经常、反复发生的或习惯性的动作或状态。
I get up at 6. every day.
⑵表示主语的性格、特征和能力。
She sings well.
⑶表示客观事实和真理。
The sun rises in the east.
⑷表示按计划安排好的将来行为。
The film begins at 8 .
⑸引用书籍、报刊、杂志、介绍剧情、电影说明、舞台说明、图片解说、新闻解说词、新闻标题、以及体育赛事的解说。
⑹某些以here, there开头的句子通常用一般现在时表示正在进行的动作或状态，这类句子通常发生倒装，但如果句子的主语是人称代词，句子则不倒装。
Here comes the bus.
There they are .
2.现在进行时
【No. 1】现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成。be应为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
【No. 2】现在进行时的应用
在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况：
(1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：
They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：
Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
【No. 3】现在进行时的变化
肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.
否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.
一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？
特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？
对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。
3.现在完成时
主语+have/has+done+sth.
done为过去分词
例如 I have been to Shanghai
我已经去过上海了
She has finished homework
她已经完成功课
而后面说的是 hasn't/haven't是现在完成时的否定形式 意为 还没有……
现在完成时要注意的就是过去分词 有特殊的也有有规律的 这些要去记
有个句形和现在完成时很像但不是 就是初三会重点学的被动语态
这里顺便说下 被动语态是 be+done+sth.
4.现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous)基本表达式（I have been doing ）/（have/has + been +p.p.） I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth. he/ she/ it has been doing sth. （一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去） I have been learning English since three years. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去） （二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。 We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等) （三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。 They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作五年了。 （四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。 I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去） 我一直在写一本书。 I have written a book.（动作已经完成） 我已经写了一本书。 They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。 They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。 （五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。 * I have been knowing... 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等。
5. 一般过去时
一 构成
⑴ be→was— ( am, is 的过去式 )
were— ( are 的过去式 )
⑵ V. →V-ed ( 动词过去式 )
二 用法
⑴表示过去发生的动作或状态，通常会有明确的表示过去的时间状语。
I went to the zoo yesterday.
I stayed up last night ..
⑵叙述过去连续发生的动作或状态。
This morning , I got up early , went out for a walk , then came back and cooked for my family .
⑶表示过去某一段不确定的时间内发生的动作或状态。
He worked in the store for 5 years.
⑷讲故事时用一般过去时，但描述故事发生的背景时用过去进行时。
⑸ used to do sth. 过去常常(习惯)做某事
be used to doing sth 一直习惯做某事
I used to get up early. 我过去常常早起.
I am used to getting up early.我一直都习惯于早起.
三 公式
⑴be→was / were
肯：S.+ was∕were+…
否：S.+ wasn’t / weren’t +…
肯疑：Was∕Were + S. +…?
Yes, S.+ was∕were.
No, S.+ wasn’t∕weren’t.
否疑：Wasn’t∕Weren’t + S. +…?
Yes, S. + was∕were.
No, S.+ wasn’t∕weren’t.
⑵V. →V-ed
肯：S. + V-ed+…
否：S. + did not (didn’t )+ V原+…
肯疑：Did + S. + V原+…?
Yes, S.+ did.
No, S.+ didn’t.
否疑：Didn’t + S. + V原+…?
Yes, S.+ did.
No, S.+ didn’t.
6. 过去完成时
过去完成时 had done
时间标志
by last year/by the time of
过去完成时一般和过去时一起出现
sb had done sth before sb did
sb did sth after sb had done
用于hardly when, no sooner than的句式中
we had hardly came home when it rained.
用在“It was the first/second...time+that”句型中
7.过去进行时
表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
句式：主语+was/were+动词ing+其他。
种类:1.表示过去某一时间内（正在）进行的动作
如：I was doing my homeworks at 9 o'clock p.m. last Sunday.
2.表示一动作正在进行时，另一动作同时正在进行.
如：I was reading books while he was cleaning the floor.
3.表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生了
如：he played when I was studying.
4.表示过去将要发生的动作
She told us Mr.Lee was arriving here.
5.用于故事，以提供其时间背景
6.表示礼貌
肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语：Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
结构
1. was/were+Ving
eg:My morther was cooking at 6:00p.m. yesterday.（直接表达）
2. 用while连接
eg:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持续动作时态一致)
3. when表示
eg:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(间接表达了具体时间)
8.过去将来时
一．过去将来时的构成：
would+动词原形或was/ were going to+动词原形
如：The farmers didn’t know whether they would have a good harvest.农民们不知道他们是否会有一个好收成。
Li Mei said that she was going to visit her grandma in the country the next Sunday.李梅说下星期天要去看望她乡下的祖母。
二．过去将来时的用法：
过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将来要看发生的动作或存在的状态。具体分为：
1．主句为过去时，宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。如：
Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years. 没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事。
We didn’t know whether she was going to speak at the meeting. 我们不知道她是否准备在会上发言。
2．在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会发生的事。如：
It was a Saturday afternoon. A young man named George had just left school. He was going to start to work the following week, so he decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes.一个星期六的下午，一位名叫乔治的年轻人刚离开学校。因为他准备下周开始工作，所以，决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子。
三．过去将来时的其他表示法：
1．在时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看将来要发生的动作。如：
They said that they were going to West Hill Farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去西山农场。
The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
2．go, come, leave, fly, drive, arrive, start等表示位置移动的动词常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。如：
She didn’t say when she was coming again next time. 她没说下一次什么时候会再来。
Jim decided they were flying to England next month. 吉姆决定他们下个月坐飞机去英国。
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问题7和8 是一样的，只回答了一个。另外每个时态还有好多具体的情况以及惯用法，这里只是罗列了最基本的句式，要详细了解，随便找本语法书就可以看得很明白了。
1一般现在时 do\be 现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征;
例如： she does her homework.
2现在进行时 be doing 现在正在进行的动作
例如：she is dong her homework.
3现在完成时 have done 动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例如：she has done her homework.
4现在完成进行时 have been doing 动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来
例如：she has been doing her homework.
5一般过去时 did 过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
例如：she did her homework yesterday.
6过去完成时had done 过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态 例如: she had done her homework before yesterday.
8过去进行时was/ were doing 一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作
例如: she was dong her homework at this time yesterday.
9过去将来时 was|were gong to do或者 should\would be doing
例如: she said she should be dong her homework the next day.
1一般现在时 do\be 现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征;
例如： she does her homework.
2现在进行时 be doing 现在正在进行的动作
例如：she is dong her homework.
3现在完成时 have done 动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例如：she has done her homework.
4现在完成进行时 have been doing 动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来
例如：she has been doing her homework.
5一般过去时 did 过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
例如：she did her homework yesterday.
6过去完成时had done 过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态 例如: she had done her homework before yesterday.
8过去进行时was/ were doing 一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作
例如: she was dong her homework at this time yesterday.
9过去将来时 was|were gong to do或者 should\would be doing
例如: she said she should be dong her homework the next day.
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基本的公式如下，根据句中不同短语词组的运用，结构会有所区别：
1.sb do/dose sth (for sb at sp)
2.sb is/are doing sth
3.sb has/have done sth
4.sb has/have being done sth
5.sb did sth
6.sb had done sth,从句里出现的多。
7.8 sb was/were doing sth
9.sb would do sth
10. 给你添个“一般将来时”sb will do sth
1.sb do/dose sth (for sb at sp)
2.sb is/are doing sth
3.sb has/have done sth
4.sb has/have being done sth
5.sb did sth
6.sb had done sth,从句里出现的多。
7.8 sb was/were doing sth
9.sb would do sth
10. 给你添个“一般将来时”sb will do sth
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