Question

求英文翻译,谢谢

13 Variations of the Injection-Molding Process
In its beginnings the injection-molding process was reserved for thermoplastic materials. Recently it has been shown that apart from thermoplastics also thermoset materials, elastomers and fiber-reinforced as well as thermoplastic materials charged with blowing agents can be injection molded.
The difference between injection-compression molding and the normal
injection-molding process is that the mold halves are not completely closed during injection. Final closing only occurs when the mold is almost filled.
With this method one achieves a reduction of the resistance the injected melt has to overcome. The injection piston force can be reduced, thereby improving the flow path-wall thickness ratio. The injection-compression mold is designed with flash faces so that it is already closed when injection takes place.
Molds for processing of thermosets differ from molds for thermoplastic materials in that the former require powerful heating. It has been calculated that approximately 50 to 60 W heating capacity per kg of mold volume is required. The tapered sprue should be 6mm in diameter, likewise the main runners. The secondary runners should be kept as short as possible.
When constructing molds for the processing of elastomers, special attention must be paid to the design of the sprue and runners. These must he large dimensioned so that the material flowing in the mold does not become prematurely cured. Special care must be taken that all flow paths are constructed as streamlined as possible to prevent partial precuring.
The processing of foamed thermoplastics has increased during the past few years. Parts are produced by the blowing-agent-charged expanding plastic melt injected at extremely high velocity and pressure. The molds require low clamping forces only and they can therefore be made of nonferrous alloys, in contrast to standard molds.
Nor is surface polish required, as the surface is rough and disturbed due to
the processing technology. Cavity venting is important so that the expanding’ melt can reach all parts of the mold.

Answer 1

注塑过程的13种变异
首先,注塑过程是专门为热塑性材料所预留的。最近(研究)表明,除了热塑性材料外,热固材料、人造橡胶、纤维增强材料以及充入起泡剂的热塑材料，均可用来注塑。
注射压缩成形与正常注塑过程的不同之处在于，在注入过程，模子有一半未完全闭合。最后的闭合只发生在模子几乎全部被填充时。
使用这种方法，可以减少注入熔化过程必须克服的抗耐性。注入活塞力也可能减少，据此提高（注入）流道（长度）-模壁厚度比。注射压缩模子则是以全新面孔设计的，因此它在材料注入后就已经全部闭合。
用于加工热固材料的模子不同于用于加工热塑材料的模子，前者需要加强热。据估算，每千克的模子需要加大约50到60瓦的热能。细小倒注口直径是6毫米，同样，主浇道口径也这么大。次浇道长度则应尽可能短。
当为加工人造橡胶建造模子时，应特别注意倒注口和浇道的设计，这些应该尽可能大尺寸设计，因此流入模子中的材料不会被过早处理。需要要特别关注的是，所有流道尽可能最新型设计，以防止部分材料预塑化。
在过去的几年里，泡沫热塑的加工逐步增加。有一部分产品是在极高速和高压条件下，靠起炮剂填充的塑料融化注入而制成。其模子只需低夹紧力，所以它们由非铁合金制成，与标准模子形成鲜明的对照。
由加工技术所导致的表面的粗糙和结构破坏，也不需要表面抛光。模胚出料口非常重要，以致于扩散的融料可以抵达模子的所有部位。

Answer 2

头好晕啊@_@

Answer 3

射入造型过程的13 变异 在它的起点射入造型过程是后备的为热塑性塑料的材料。最近它被显示, 除thermoplastics 并且thermoset 材料之外, 弹性体和加强质地以及热塑性塑料的材料被充电与吹的代理可能是射入被铸造。 区别在射入压缩造型和法线之间 射入造型过程是, 模子一半不是完全地闭合的在射入期间。决赛关闭只发生当模子几乎被填装。 以这个方法你达到被注射的融解必须克服抵抗的减少。射入活塞力量可能被减少, 因此改进流程道路墙壁厚度比率。射入压缩模子被设计与一刹那面孔以便它已经是闭合的当射入发生。 模子为处理thermosets 与模子不同为热塑性塑料的材料因为前要求强有力的热化。它被计算, 大约50 到60 W 热容量每公斤模子容量必需。逐渐变细的sprue 应该是6mm 直径, 同样主要赛跑者。次要赛跑者应该被保持一样短尽可能。 当修建铸造为处理弹性体, 特别留意必须给予对sprue 和赛跑者的设计。这些必须他大被度量以便材料流动在模子不成为过早地治疗。特殊照料必须被采取, 所有流程道路被修建一样效率化尽可能防止部份precuring 。 处理发泡的thermoplastics 增加了在过去几年。零件由吹代理被充电的扩展塑料融解导致被注射以极端高速度和压力。模子要求低落夹紧力量唯一并且他们可能因此由非铁质合金制成, 与标准模子对比。 亦不是表面擦亮剂必需, 因为表面粗砺和被干扰的归结于 加工技术。洞通风口重要以便扩展' 融解可能到达所有模子的部份。