Question

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Free Markets and growth

Adam smith,in his wealth of Nations (1776) is often give credit for starting the industrial revolution.Adam smith believed that selfishness,in an ethical sense,in not highly rated.howerer,in an economic sense,if we encourage individuals to believe that their own hard work would provide direct economic rewards to them ,this new “release” of human energy would set in motion economy growth.First,self-interest,freely expressed,would jump-start the economy.secondly,the gain falling to the hard-working individual could not be fully captured by this economic man. This is because in the quest to build personal wealth,one needs others.inevitably and automatically,he reasoned,an “invisisible hand” assured that the reach of the individual would produce benefits,even if unintended-for all others. Two concepts:the economic man(interested largely in himself) and the invisible hand became the twin pillars of capitalist or free market ideology.

The implication of this explosion in consumption are reflected,too, in a reluctance to pay taxes for the services that we expect from government.the growth of the government deficit reflects the disarray of an economy where gross national appetites have exceeded gross national product.

The free market classical economists offered important advice to any culture hoping to enjoy rapid economic growth or an improved future. the sacrifices of one generation set the stage for the potential for growth-but only if those who receive the funds(including governments)-make prudent use of those resources by investing in growth. Americans have neglected thisaxiom.they have neglected the needs of the future,and already the future is neglecting America. The high consumption low investment pattern has reduced productivity growth,and with that the rate of GNP growth. America’s future will be prosperous-as is the case for all ecomomics-only if we invest in that improved future. free market mechanisms is taken alone do not provide automatic prosperity . for the market is not a disembodiedfore that assures effortless or automatic prosperity. Growth is something that each generation must errn.g rowth generates a stock that each generation must leave as a legacy for the next generation.

Answer 1

斯密,在他的国家的财富(1776年)往往被归功为出发工业revolution.adam史密斯认为自私, 一个道德意义上说,没有高度rated.howerer,在经济上,如果我们鼓励个人认为自己的辛勤工作将 提供直接的经济回报,他们表示,这一新的"释放"人体能量将启动经济growth.first,自我利益的自由表达,将启动 该economy.secondly,增益降至辛勤工作的个别不能完全避开这个经济人. 这是因为在寻求建立个人财富,人们需要others.inevitably并自动,他的逻辑是,一个"invisisible手"的保证 到达的个人所带来的益处,即使是无意的,为其他所有问题. 两个概念:经济人(有兴趣主要是自己)和无形的手,成为这两大支柱的资本主义或自由市场 思想. 这段话的含义爆炸消费都反映过, 一个不愿纳税的服务,我们期望从government.the增长的政府赤字反映 在纷乱的经济下,国民的胃口已经超过国民生产总值. 自由市场的古典经济学家提出了重要的意见,任何一种文化,希望在经济快速增长和改善 未来. 牺牲一代搭建舞台增长的潜力,但只有那些接受资金(包括 政府)审慎运用这些资源的投资增长. 美国人一直忽略thisaxiom.they忽略了未来的需求,并已成为今后美国忽视. 高消费低投资格局已降低生产力的增长,而到加国内生产总值的增长. 美国的未来将会繁荣-就象所有ecomomics-只要我们投入,改善未来. 自由市场的机制,是采取单独不提供自动繁荣. 对于市场并非disembodiedfore以保证effortless或自动繁荣. 生长做事,这是每一代人都必须errn.growthgenerates股票,每一代人都必须留下的遗产 给下一代.

Answer 2

亚当史密斯曾在许多国家大加赞赏工业革命。亚当史密斯认为，自私在道德范畴里是不为人称道的品性；但在经济方面，如果我们向个体鼓吹，使他们相信个人的辛勤工作能产生直接的经济回报，这将促使他们释放更大个人能量从而促进经济增长。首先，得到自由表达的利己心理能够推动经济的发展。其次，产生经济效益的个人并不能获得自己辛勤劳动所产生的所有价值。这是因为在追求个人财富的过程中，一个人需要其他人的帮助。不可避免，一只“无形的手”促使个体为周围创造财富，即使并非本意。两个概念：产生经济效益的个人和无形的手联合起来，成为资本主义或自由市场理论的支撑。
我们不愿为获得的服务向政府交税也从某种程度上反映出消费膨胀现象的含义；政府赤字增长反映出经济混乱，国民总需求已超出了国民生产总值。
自由市场理论的高级经济学家为所有向往快速经济增长和美好未来的文化提出了重要建议。一代人的牺牲为潜在经济增长提供了舞台，但前提是那些获得资金的人（包括政府）通过投资增长经济审慎的利用资源。美国人却忽视了这一真理，他们无视未来的需要，未来也就忽略了美国。高消费低投资的经济模式减缓了生产力和GNP的增长。只有投资改善未来，美国才能繁荣昌盛，对所有的经济体亦是如此。仅靠自由市场机制，是不能自动创造繁荣的。因为市场不是一个自动产生财富，轻松创造繁荣的独立分支。经济增长需要世世代代的努力。经济增长是股票，是每一代人必须留给后代的遗产。