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六年级英语复习资料
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小学英语语法汇总
一、时 态 小 结
时态 定义 特征 动词的变化规则
一
般
现
在
时 表示经常性或习惯性的动作. every day/morning/…
usually 第三人称单数的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-s
2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es(wishes)
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es(flies)
现
在
进
行
时 表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作. now/ look/ listen 现在分词的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
2. 以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing(skating)
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing (swimming)
一
般
过
去
时 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况. yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
last year/month
a minute ago/an hour ago
this morning/afternoon/evening 动词过去式的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed
2. 以e结尾的词加-d(lived)
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed(flied)
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed(stopped)
一
般
将
来
时 表示将要发生的事情 tomorrow
the day after tomorrow/
the next day/Monday…
at the weekend/tonight
tomorrow night/morning/afternoon 主要构成
be going to/will + 动词原形
be +形容词
凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用动词的原形
二、名词的复数。
名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.
可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries
4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,
5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,
6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,
三、形容词的比较级、最高级。
形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest
2.以e结尾的,直接加-r或-st, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.
4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.
5.多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful. 6.good-better-best
四、be 动词,助动词。
现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t
助动词形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
※ 1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”;
否定 过去 否定
am-------am not(第一人称 “I” ) am, is ---wasn’t
is ------- isn’t (第三人称) are -----weren’t
are------aren’t (you和其它人称)
2. 没有be动词的就要加助动词;
否定 过去 过去否定
do -----don’t ------did---------didn’t
does(第三人称单数)-----doesn’t ------did---------didn’t
五.人称代词
主语 物主代词 宾格
形容词性 名词性
I my mine me
she her hers her
he his his him
it its its it
you your yours you
we our ours us
they their theirs them
可数名词与不可数名词“分家”
一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、 可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:
book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days
2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:
bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
half → halve leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives
5. 特例
① child → children② man → men woman → women
policeman → policemen(规律:man → men)
③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes
[ 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]
④ foot → feet tooth → teeth
⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。]
⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。
三、 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:
water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:
fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs
用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games
on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
参考答案:
1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice
名词可数不可数“六注意”
一、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。
二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:
He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。
No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。
三、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示"一些,许多"。如:
There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。
四、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:
This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
六、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:
How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?
How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?
注意:对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:
How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包?
“行行色色”的名词所有格
在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加's表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。
一、名词词尾加's的所有格
1. 一般情况在名词后加's。例如:
That girl's coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。
2. 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加 '。 如果复数名词不是以s结尾的,末尾也要加's。例如:
Today is September 10th, Teachers' Day. 今天是九月十日,教师节。
Children's Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son.
儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。
3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加's;如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加's。例如:They are John's and Kate's rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了!
He is Lily and Lucy's father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。
4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。
例如:My father and I will have dinner at the Johnson's (home ).
我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。
We will have our hair cut at the barber's (shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。
5. 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。
例如:There is something important in today's newspaper.
今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。
It's about ten minutes' walk from school to our home every day.
每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。
6. 英语名词所有格修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,后面则可以省略,以防止重复。例如:This is not Dick's dictionary, but is Tom's.
这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的。
二、由of短语构成的所有格
1. 表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语,表示所有关系。例如:
There is a river on the other side of the road.
在公路的另一边有一条河。
2. 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如:
This is a photo of Mr Brown's. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。
一、时 态 小 结
时态 定义 特征 动词的变化规则
一
般
现
在
时 表示经常性或习惯性的动作. every day/morning/…
usually 第三人称单数的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-s
2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es(wishes)
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es(flies)
现
在
进
行
时 表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作. now/ look/ listen 现在分词的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
2. 以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing(skating)
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing (swimming)
一
般
过
去
时 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况. yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
last year/month
a minute ago/an hour ago
this morning/afternoon/evening 动词过去式的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed
2. 以e结尾的词加-d(lived)
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed(flied)
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed(stopped)
一
般
将
来
时 表示将要发生的事情 tomorrow
the day after tomorrow/
the next day/Monday…
at the weekend/tonight
tomorrow night/morning/afternoon 主要构成
be going to/will + 动词原形
be +形容词
凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用动词的原形
二、名词的复数。
名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.
可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries
4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,
5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,
6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,
三、形容词的比较级、最高级。
形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest
2.以e结尾的,直接加-r或-st, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.
4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.
5.多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful. 6.good-better-best
四、be 动词,助动词。
现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t
助动词形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
※ 1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”;
否定 过去 否定
am-------am not(第一人称 “I” ) am, is ---wasn’t
is ------- isn’t (第三人称) are -----weren’t
are------aren’t (you和其它人称)
2. 没有be动词的就要加助动词;
否定 过去 过去否定
do -----don’t ------did---------didn’t
does(第三人称单数)-----doesn’t ------did---------didn’t
五.人称代词
主语 物主代词 宾格
形容词性 名词性
I my mine me
she her hers her
he his his him
it its its it
you your yours you
we our ours us
they their theirs them
可数名词与不可数名词“分家”
一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、 可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:
book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days
2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:
bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
half → halve leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives
5. 特例
① child → children② man → men woman → women
policeman → policemen(规律:man → men)
③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes
[ 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]
④ foot → feet tooth → teeth
⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。]
⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。
三、 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:
water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:
fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs
用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?
2. There is some________(food) in the basket.
3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.
4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.
5. There are five________(people ) in his family.
6. Let's take________(photo), OK?
7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.
8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
9. The________(child) are playing games
on the playground now.
10. Their________(dictionary) look new.
11. I see you have a few white________(hair).
12. They are________(woman) doctors.
13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?
14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.
15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.
参考答案:
1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice
名词可数不可数“六注意”
一、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。
二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:
He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。
No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。
三、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示"一些,许多"。如:
There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。
There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。
四、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:
This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
六、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:
How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?
How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?
注意:对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:
How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包?
“行行色色”的名词所有格
在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加's表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。
一、名词词尾加's的所有格
1. 一般情况在名词后加's。例如:
That girl's coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。
2. 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加 '。 如果复数名词不是以s结尾的,末尾也要加's。例如:
Today is September 10th, Teachers' Day. 今天是九月十日,教师节。
Children's Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son.
儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。
3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加's;如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加's。例如:They are John's and Kate's rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了!
He is Lily and Lucy's father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。
4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。
例如:My father and I will have dinner at the Johnson's (home ).
我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。
We will have our hair cut at the barber's (shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。
5. 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。
例如:There is something important in today's newspaper.
今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。
It's about ten minutes' walk from school to our home every day.
每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。
6. 英语名词所有格修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,后面则可以省略,以防止重复。例如:This is not Dick's dictionary, but is Tom's.
这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的。
二、由of短语构成的所有格
1. 表示“无生命的名词”一般与of构成短语,表示所有关系。例如:
There is a river on the other side of the road.
在公路的另一边有一条河。
2. 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如:
This is a photo of Mr Brown's. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。
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小学英语语法汇总
一、时 态 小 结
时态 定义 特征 动词的变化规则
一
般
现
在
时 表示经常性或习惯性的动作. every day/morning/…
usually 第三人称单数的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-s
2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es(wishes)
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es(flies)
现
在
进
行
时 表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作. now/ look/ listen 现在分词的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
2. 以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing(skating)
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing (swimming)
一
般
过
去
时 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况. yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
last year/month
a minute ago/an hour ago
this morning/afternoon/evening 动词过去式的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed
2. 以e结尾的词加-d(lived)
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed(flied)
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed(stopped)
一
般
将
来
时 表示将要发生的事情 tomorrow
the day after tomorrow/
the next day/Monday…
at the weekend/tonight
tomorrow night/morning/afternoon 主要构成
be going to/will + 动词原形
be +形容词
凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用动词的原形
二、名词的复数。
名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.
可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries
4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,
5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,
6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,
三、形容词的比较级、最高级。
形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest
2.以e结尾的,直接加-r或-st, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.
4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.
5.多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful. 6.good-better-best
四、be 动词,助动词。
现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t
助动词形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
※ 1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”;
否定 过去 否定
am-------am not(第一人称 “I” ) am, is ---wasn’t
is ------- isn’t (第三人称) are -----weren’t
are------aren’t (you和其它人称)
2. 没有be动词的就要加助动词;
否定 过去 过去否定
do -----don’t ------did---------didn’t
does(第三人称单数)-----doesn’t ------did---------didn’t
五.人称代词
主语 物主代词 宾格
形容词性 名词性
I my mine me
she her hers her
he his his him
it its its it
you your yours you
we our ours us
they their theirs them
可数名词与不可数名词“分家”
一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、 可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:
book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days
2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:
bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
half → halve leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives
5. 特例
① child → children② man → men woman → women
policeman → policemen(规律:man → men)
③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes
[ 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]
④ foot → feet tooth → teeth
⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。]
⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。
三、 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没
一、时 态 小 结
时态 定义 特征 动词的变化规则
一
般
现
在
时 表示经常性或习惯性的动作. every day/morning/…
usually 第三人称单数的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-s
2. 以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es(wishes)
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es(flies)
现
在
进
行
时 表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作. now/ look/ listen 现在分词的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
2. 以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing(skating)
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing (swimming)
一
般
过
去
时 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况. yesterday morning/afternoon/evening
last year/month
a minute ago/an hour ago
this morning/afternoon/evening 动词过去式的变化情况:
1. 一般情况在词尾直接加-ed
2. 以e结尾的词加-d(lived)
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed(flied)
4. 以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed(stopped)
一
般
将
来
时 表示将要发生的事情 tomorrow
the day after tomorrow/
the next day/Monday…
at the weekend/tonight
tomorrow night/morning/afternoon 主要构成
be going to/will + 动词原形
be +形容词
凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用动词的原形
二、名词的复数。
名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.
可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries
4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,
5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,
6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,
三、形容词的比较级、最高级。
形容词有比较级与最高级之分, 单音节词的变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est, 如:small-smaller-smallest, short-shorter-shortest
2.以e结尾的,直接加-r或-st, 如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的, 变y 为i 再加-er或-est, 如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.
4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est, 如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.
5.多音节的词,前加more, most, 如: beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful. 6.good-better-best
四、be 动词,助动词。
现阶段be动词形式有: am, is, are, were, was, isn’t, aren’t, weren’t, wasn’t
助动词形式有: do, does, did, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t
※ 1. 在英语句子中进行变化的时候, 有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变 “过去”, “否定”;
否定 过去 否定
am-------am not(第一人称 “I” ) am, is ---wasn’t
is ------- isn’t (第三人称) are -----weren’t
are------aren’t (you和其它人称)
2. 没有be动词的就要加助动词;
否定 过去 过去否定
do -----don’t ------did---------didn’t
does(第三人称单数)-----doesn’t ------did---------didn’t
五.人称代词
主语 物主代词 宾格
形容词性 名词性
I my mine me
she her hers her
he his his him
it its its it
you your yours you
we our ours us
they their theirs them
可数名词与不可数名词“分家”
一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、 可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:
book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days
2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:
bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
half → halve leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives
5. 特例
① child → children② man → men woman → women
policeman → policemen(规律:man → men)
③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes
[ 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]
④ foot → feet tooth → teeth
⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。]
⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。
三、 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词没
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II. 笔试部分
一、英汉互译。(10分)
1.骑自行车__________________ 2. read a magazine ______________
3.集邮______________________ 4. science museum ______________
5.漫画书____________________ 5. motor cycle__________________
7.下周______________________ 8. pen pal ________ _____________
9.交通规则__________________ 10. Hong Kong _________________
二、按要求写出词语。(10分)
ride (ing形式) swim (ing形式)
have(第三人称单数) play(第三人称单数)
making (原形) making (原形)
their (同音词) right(反义词)
doesn’t (完全形式) actor (对应词)
三、连词成句。(10分)
1. father, bike, to, by, work, does, go, your
2. are, there, in, country, there, lights, every, traffic
3. your, where, mother, does, work
4. go, to, your, does, teacher, how, work, English
5. the, is, where, office, post
四、根据汉语提示完成句子,每个横线上可写多个单词。(10分)
1. I _______________(没有)an uncle. I want to have an uncle.
2. She likes __________(看) books.
3. My father often ____________(看) TV after supper.
4. Tom and Alice _____________(喜欢)listening to music.
5. How does she ___________(去) to school.
6. He __________(有) a new bicycle.
7. I’m going to _________(买) a story book.
8. It’s _____________(旁边)the hospital.
9. He dances. He is a _____________(舞蹈家).
10. She ____________(打扫)streets. She is a cleaner.
五、选择正确的答案,将字母填入题前的括号里。(10分)
( )1. Does your mother wash clothes?
A. Yes, she doesn’t. B. Yes, he does. C. No, she doesn’t.
( )2. What does Tom do?
A. Tom goes to school.
B. Tom is a boy.
C. Tom is a teacher.
( )3. How does he go to school?
A. On feet. B. By foot. C. On foot.
( )4. He likes _________. He likes _________, too.
A. make/swimming B. making/swim C. making/swim
( )5. Where is your home?.
A. It’s south of the post office.
B. I’m at home.
C. I live in the city.
( )6. ____________________________
You can go by the No. 15 bus..
A. Can I go on foot?
B. How can I get to Yongming Park?
C. Where is the Yongming Park?
( )7. Happy birthday.
__________
A. Happy birthday. B. Thank you. C. Ok.
( )8. _______________________?
I’m going to the zoo.
A. Where are you going?
B. When are you going?
C. What are you going to do?
( )9.Who are you ? ________________.
A. I’m little Water Drop.
B. Who are you?
C. I’m fine.
( )10.Where does he work?
A. He goes to work by bus.
B. He works in a hospital.
C. He can be a doctor.
六、阅读短文,判断正误:(5×2分)
This is Billy and his brother’s bedroom. It’s not very big, but it is tidy(整洁).There are two beds in the room. There is a desk between(在……中间)the beds. There are some books on the desk. . Some are English books. Some are Chinese books. There is a phone on the desk, too. There are two chairs beside the desk. One is for Billy, and the other(另一把)is for his brother. There is a map of America on the wall. There is a map of the world on the wall, too. Billy and his brother like their bedroom very much.
46. The bedroom is small, and it’s clean. ( )
47. There are two desks in the bedroom. ( )
48. There are some Chinese books on the desk. ( )
49. There are two maps on the wall. ( )
50. There isn’t a phone in the bedroom. ( )
一、英汉互译。(10分)
1.骑自行车__________________ 2. read a magazine ______________
3.集邮______________________ 4. science museum ______________
5.漫画书____________________ 5. motor cycle__________________
7.下周______________________ 8. pen pal ________ _____________
9.交通规则__________________ 10. Hong Kong _________________
二、按要求写出词语。(10分)
ride (ing形式) swim (ing形式)
have(第三人称单数) play(第三人称单数)
making (原形) making (原形)
their (同音词) right(反义词)
doesn’t (完全形式) actor (对应词)
三、连词成句。(10分)
1. father, bike, to, by, work, does, go, your
2. are, there, in, country, there, lights, every, traffic
3. your, where, mother, does, work
4. go, to, your, does, teacher, how, work, English
5. the, is, where, office, post
四、根据汉语提示完成句子,每个横线上可写多个单词。(10分)
1. I _______________(没有)an uncle. I want to have an uncle.
2. She likes __________(看) books.
3. My father often ____________(看) TV after supper.
4. Tom and Alice _____________(喜欢)listening to music.
5. How does she ___________(去) to school.
6. He __________(有) a new bicycle.
7. I’m going to _________(买) a story book.
8. It’s _____________(旁边)the hospital.
9. He dances. He is a _____________(舞蹈家).
10. She ____________(打扫)streets. She is a cleaner.
五、选择正确的答案,将字母填入题前的括号里。(10分)
( )1. Does your mother wash clothes?
A. Yes, she doesn’t. B. Yes, he does. C. No, she doesn’t.
( )2. What does Tom do?
A. Tom goes to school.
B. Tom is a boy.
C. Tom is a teacher.
( )3. How does he go to school?
A. On feet. B. By foot. C. On foot.
( )4. He likes _________. He likes _________, too.
A. make/swimming B. making/swim C. making/swim
( )5. Where is your home?.
A. It’s south of the post office.
B. I’m at home.
C. I live in the city.
( )6. ____________________________
You can go by the No. 15 bus..
A. Can I go on foot?
B. How can I get to Yongming Park?
C. Where is the Yongming Park?
( )7. Happy birthday.
__________
A. Happy birthday. B. Thank you. C. Ok.
( )8. _______________________?
I’m going to the zoo.
A. Where are you going?
B. When are you going?
C. What are you going to do?
( )9.Who are you ? ________________.
A. I’m little Water Drop.
B. Who are you?
C. I’m fine.
( )10.Where does he work?
A. He goes to work by bus.
B. He works in a hospital.
C. He can be a doctor.
六、阅读短文,判断正误:(5×2分)
This is Billy and his brother’s bedroom. It’s not very big, but it is tidy(整洁).There are two beds in the room. There is a desk between(在……中间)the beds. There are some books on the desk. . Some are English books. Some are Chinese books. There is a phone on the desk, too. There are two chairs beside the desk. One is for Billy, and the other(另一把)is for his brother. There is a map of America on the wall. There is a map of the world on the wall, too. Billy and his brother like their bedroom very much.
46. The bedroom is small, and it’s clean. ( )
47. There are two desks in the bedroom. ( )
48. There are some Chinese books on the desk. ( )
49. There are two maps on the wall. ( )
50. There isn’t a phone in the bedroom. ( )
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有;现在进行时态、一般过去时态、一般将来时态、一般现在进行时态。有四大时态、
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