Question

翻译 谢谢

If there is no difference in general intelligence （智力）between boys and girls , what can explain girls’ poor performance in science and mathematics ?
It seems to be that their treatment at school is a direct cause . Mathematics and science are seen as subjects mainly for boys , and therefore , as girls become teenagers , they are less likely to take them . Interestingly , both boys and girls often regard the subjects for boys as more difficult . Yet it has been suggested that girls do not take mathematics courses , not because they are difficult , but for social reasons . Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine （女性的）and attractive.
However , if we examine the performance of boys and girls who have taken mathematics courses , there are still more high-achieving boys than there are girls . This difference appears to be world-wide . Biological explanations have been offered for this , but there are other explanations too.
Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences . From their first days in kindergarten , boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks . Facts show that outstanding （杰出的）mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers.
Besides , there can be little doubt that teachers of mathematics and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students . They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls . They spend more time with the boy students , giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them . They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion . They also praise boys more frequently . All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and mathematics and to give them confidence （信心）that they are able to succeed.
Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many mathematics and science courses , nor is it likely to support girls who do . When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.

Answer 1

如果男孩和女孩之间在一般智力上没有区别，什么能解释女孩在科学和数学方面的较差的表现？ 看来她们在学校的待遇是一个直接缘由。 数学和科学被看作主要是男孩的科目，所以，当女孩长大时，她们很少选择这些科。 有趣的是，男孩和女孩都经常认为男孩的科目更加困难。然而女孩被建议不选上数学课，不是因为这些课较难，而是由于社会原因。女孩不想与男孩处于公开竞争，因为她们害怕在女性化和有魅力方面显得欠缺。
然而，如果我们调查上数学课的男孩和女孩的表现，仍然有比女孩更多的“高分”男孩。这种差别在全世界都在发生。 生物学解释已经为此提供出了，但是也有其他解释。
或许出现在少年岁月的区别在更早的经历中就有根源。从他们在幼稚园的第一天起，男孩就被鼓励独立地工作和完成任务。 事实表明，杰出的数学家和科学家没有老师来给他们提供答案。
此外，有疑问的是数学和科学老师期望他们的男学生比他们的女学生在这些课上表现得更好。他们甚而看上去是在促成男孩和女孩之间的差别。他们在男学生身上花费更多的时间，给他们更多机会回答问题，并且付出更大的努力以从他们那里得到正确答案。他们更愿意叫男孩回答问题，并让他们在教室讨论中带头。 他们也更经常地称赞男孩。 所有这些都似乎鼓励男孩在科学和数学方面努力学习，并给他们成功的信心。
这种教学方式不可能鼓励女孩选择更多的数学和科学课程，亦不可能为选学这些课程的女孩提供支持。当谈到这些课程时，学校看来无疑是在扩大男孩和女孩之间的差别。

Answer 2

如果没有在一般智力上的区别在男孩和女孩之间，什么能解释女孩的恶劣的表现在科学和数学？ 它似乎是他们的治疗在学校是一个直接缘由。 数学和科学看，因为主题主要男孩的，并且，当女孩成为少年，他们是很少可能采取他们。 有趣地是，男孩和女孩经常认为男孩的主题更加困难。，被建议女孩不上数学路线，因为他们是困难的，但是有社会原因的。 因为他们害怕出现较不女性和有吸引力，女孩不想要是在与男孩的公开赛中。 然而，如果我们审查上数学路线男孩和女孩的表现，仍有比女孩更多高达到的男孩。 这个区别看来全世界。 生物解释为此被提供了，但是也是有其他解释。 或许出来在少年岁月期间的区别有它的根在更早的经验。 从他们的第一天在幼稚园，男孩被鼓励独自地工作和完成任务。 事实表示，杰出的数学家和科学家没有供应答复的老师。
其外，可以有疑问少许数学和科学的老师比他们的女学生盼望他们的男孩学生更好做在这些主题。 他们甚而看上去鼓励在男孩和女孩之间的区别。 他们花费与男孩学生的更多时间，给他们更多时刻回答问题和努力工作从他们得到正确应答。 他们是可能叫在答复的男孩和给他们领先在教室讨论的。 他们常常地也称赞男孩。 所有此在科学和数学似乎鼓励男孩努力工作和给他们信心他们能成功。 教学这样方式不可能鼓励女孩采取许多数学，并且科学追猎，亦不可能是支持的女孩的它。 当谈到这些主题似乎无疑学校加宽在男孩和女孩之间的区别。