Question

求高手帮忙翻译！拜谢！拜谢！

根据命题内容这一构想，Searle把Ausitn的言内行为再进一步分为两个部分：话语行为和命题行为。因此，Searle将言语行为分成了四个部分，即上述的话语行为、命题行为以及言外行为、言后行为。话语行为指的是说出单词、句子这一行为，命题行为指的是通过所指词语和谓词所实施的“谈及”和“谈述”这两种行为。言外行为指的是通过话语的说出做出陈述、提出问题、下达命令、进行允诺等。言后行为就是话语在听者身上产生某种效果或反应。Searle对言语行为规定了比较明确的分类标准，他从12个方面对言外行为的分类标准进行分析，最后认为如下3个方面构成了分类的基础。
1)言外之的 Searle认为，各种言外行为的目的是不一样的。例如，命令的目的是试图让听者做某件事情；描述的目的是对世界上发生的事情进行表述，这些表述具有真或假、精确或不精确的特性。总之，完成各种行为的目的是不一样的，它们形成了分类的基础。
2)适从向 适从向指言外之的带来的后果，指言语和客观世界之间的联系。有的言外行为使说话人与客观现实相符(如：陈述的适从向使从话语到客观现实)；有的则相反，是客观现实与说话人所说的话相符(如：请求的适从向是从客观现实到话语)。
3)说话人所表达的心理状态 Searle认为，说话人在完成一个有命题内容的言外行为中，总要表达某种心理状态或心理活动。例如，当某人陈述、解释、断定某个命题时，他表达了对该命题的信念；当某人允诺、发誓、保证做某件事情时，他表达了做这件事情的意图；当某人命令、请求、要求别人做某事时，他表达了要做该事情的愿望。
从上述的三个方面为主要依据，Searle将言外行为分成5类：1)阐述类；2)指令类；3)承诺类；4)表达类；5)宣告类。
帮嘛翻译一下啦，翻译成英文哈！如果是翻译器翻译的就算了哈~

Answer 1

According to setting question a contents, this speculation, Searle chases Ausitn speech expert is again is divided into two parts further:Words behavior and set question behavior.Therefore, Searle was divided into four parts: speech behavior, namely above-mentioned words behavior, set question behavior and speech amateur for, speech after behavior.What words behavior points is to speak list phrase, sentence, this behavior, setting question what behavior point is to pass the phrase language pointed and call the phrase carries out of"speak about" with two kinds of behavior in"talk to say".Talk amateur for what to point is pass words of speaking and doing a statement, lift to go wrong, next reach an order, carry on promising...etc..The behavior is words to produce a certain effect or reaction on hearer after talking.Searle stipulated a more explicit classification to the speech behavior standard, he from 12 carry on analysis towards talking outside behavioral classification standard, finally Be thought as follows 3 constituted classified foundation.
1)Talk an outside it of Searle think, various speech outside behavior of the purpose is different.For example, the purpose of order is to try to let the hearer do a certain affair;The purpose of description is to carry on a description to the affair that takes place in the world, these descriptions have true or false, accurate or not accurate characteristic.In a word, completing various behavioral purpose is different, they formed classified foundation.
2)Is proper from to proper from to point to talk outside it of bring of result, point the contact of of speech and objective world.Some speech amateurs for make people agree with objective reality(such as:Illustrate of proper from to make to arrive from the words objective realistic);It is objective reality then to have contrarily with talk the words that the person says to agree with(such as:Request of proper from to from the objective reality arrive words).
3)Talk mental status Searle that the person expresses to think, talk person at complete a speech amateur that has already set question a contents is medium, always need to express a certain and mental status or mental activity.For example, when the someone illustrates, explains, breaks to settle a certain set question, he expressed to the conviction that should set question;When the someone promises, swears, promises to do a certain affair, he expressed intention of doing it the feeling;When the someone order, claim, request other people to be a some matter, he expressed the wishes that wants to do the affair.
Is from above-mentioned 3 a main basis, Searle will talk amateur for be divided into 5 types:1)Elaborate a type;2)Instruction;3)Commitment;4)Expression;5)Announce a type.

追问

这个是在网上翻译的么？

Answer 2

According to propositional content this idea Ausitn Searle took the locutionary act further divided into two parts: discourse behavior and propositional ACTS. Therefore, Searle will speech act into four parts, namely the above words behavior, propositional ACTS and illocutionary act and perlocutionary act. Discourse behavior refers to speak words, sentences, this behavior, propositional ACTS means through which words and predicate referred about implementation "of" and "talking about both the behavior. Illocutionary act refers to make statements by words to say, to ask questions, and promised to orders. Perlocutionary act is discourse generated some effect on the listener and reactions. Searle compared to speech act provisions of classification standards, he clearly from 12 aspects of illocutionary act classification standard analysis, finally think below 3 aspects constitute classified foundation.

1) the illocutionary Searle think, various illocutionary act purpose is not the same. For example, the purpose is to try to get orders listener do something; The goal is to describe what happened in the world make statements, these terms have true or false, accurate or inaccurate characteristics. In short, the purpose of finish all kinds of behavior is not the same, they formed the basis of classification.

2) fitness to fitness from from refers to the illocutionary, refers to the consequences of words and the connection between the objective world. Some illocutionary act to conform with the objective reality to the fitness (e.g. statements to make from the words from the objective reality); Some, by contrast, is an objective reality and speak the words of one of the match fitness (e.g. request from objective reality from the words).

3) speaker of expression that psychological state, the speaker Searle in completing a propositional content of illocutionary act, total want to express some psychological state or psychological activities. For example, when someone statements, interpretation, concluded that a proposition, he expressed this proposition belief; When someone promised, swear, guarantee to do something, he expressed intention of doing it; When someone orders, request, ask someone to do something, he expressed the desire to do this thing.

Answer 3

翻译成英文吗？

追问

是的，翻译成英文哈！谢谢！