Question

电话的由来（英语）

电话的由来 （请用英语给我回答）
有追加分50

Answer 1

介绍,1876年3月10日,在波士顿,马萨诸塞州亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔发明电话. 托马斯沃森fashioned装置本身; 粗略的东西了一只木制站,一个漏斗 一杯酸和一些铜线. 但是这些简单的零件和同样简单的第一个电话--"沃森先生,来到这里,我想你了"! --belie一个复杂的过去. 贝尔递交申请前几个小时,他的竞争对手,elisha灰色,立案公告,很快专利电话自己. 何况,即使没有人实际上已建成了一个工作电话, 钟做出了自己的电话操作三周后使用构想灰色的通知发明 法贝尔没有提出自己的专利. "他是谁?振奋乌黑长发苏格兰人的28月前夕,结婚 蓬勃的生命力,以新的思路. " alexandergrahambell:生命和时间的人发明电话intrigue一旁,现在 故事的电话是故事本身的发明. 钟制定新的原始构想,但这样做的建设旧观念和发展. 贝尔成功,正是因为他理解音响效果,研究音,一下电力. 其他发明者知道电力不错,但少有回音. 电话是一项共同的成就众多的先锋,因此,尽管信贷和奖励并不均分. 这也往往是故事的发明. 电话来自希腊词遥,意义自远方来,和电话,意思是声音或声音声. 一般来说,一个电话,是任何装置,它带声音较远距离. 一连串的电话,麦克风 或者说管可能被视为电话工具,但对我们而言,他们没有电话. 这些发送声音生硬不electrically. 如何形成的? 讲话是声音的议案. talking产生声压. 谈到进入可以一连串的电话,例如,使线振动, 造成声波往返一端的延伸线到另一方. 电话相形之下,转载健全的机电手段. 什么victorians称为"会说话的闪电," 标准字典的电话作为"器具音响声,尤其是人的声音, 在一个很大的距离,用电量; 由发射和接收仪器连接线或电线所传达的电流. " 电流1)设有办事处的电话号码和2)你的声音不同,目前进行沟通. 与这两个要点,让我们来看电话的历史. 点此了非常大的形象,展示了一个电话工程的电话是一个电气仪表. 谈到进入手机的发射器或麦克风使其膈肌颤动. 这一变化的电流,使接收器的膜片颤动. 这种重复原来的声音. 看一看这个图像,使这一点更为清晰. 现代电话不使用碳在其手机. 他们利用驻极体话筒的发射机和压电换接收机但原则上描述的形象联系 以上是相同的. 声波拾起驻极体传声器原因"一薄层金属涂层塑颤动, 产生变化的电场过一个小小的空差距膜片电极. "[大英百科定义]压电 传感器使用的材料而皈依机械压力的一种声波当它变成不同的电信号. 电话的历史开始在开始的人类历史. 男子一直想沟通从远方. 人用烟雾信号,镜子,丛林鼓 信鸽和semaphores得到一个信息,从一个点到另一个. 但手机是一件新事. 有人说培根预言电话1627,不过,他的著作的新乌托邦只形容长的发言管道. 一个真正的电话不能发明之前电气时代开始. 即使在当时似乎并不理想. 机电原则,需要建立一个电话中称,在1831年,但直到1854年,bourseul建议 传输语音electrically. 直到22年后,在1876年,这一构想变成了现实. 不过,在此之前,一个电话可能已无法形成人的意识. 而达芬奇预言飞行julesverne设想的太空旅行, 人们再也不能入睡,通过百年梦想打出电话. 怎么? 熟悉电力,更遑论思想,它可以携带谈话 怎么会有人梦想着未来电话? 他们在15世纪可能想象的公用电话在街角或一部传真机就 自己的办公桌? 你根本不知道那是一个很容易的可视化的目标,其中人喜欢动力飞行 造成一发明之后,另一个工作经过多年实现一个共同的目标. 电话网发展反而是一系列的时候断开事件,大多电气,有些偶然的,这使电话的可能. 我将封面短短数. 有很多方法可以沟通的长途跋涉. 我曾转载了一条漂亮的彩色图,表明了罗马字母,国际旗代码,莫尔斯代码, 而semaphore信号.

Answer 2

英语权威软件翻译~::
How the Telephone was Invented

The patent for the telephone was granted to Alexander Graham Bell on March 7th 1876, at that time he resided in Salem, Massachusetts.

Alexander Graham Bell invented his telephone as a result of his research into improving the telegraph system. He was experimenting into improving the system so multiple telegraphs could be sent at the same time (his theory "harmonic telegraph" was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the different signals differed in pitch). However at the same time he was working on a novel idea that speech could be transmited electronically as he discovered by accident that the sound of a spring being twanged could be heard over his harmonic telegraph system. Almost a year later in March 1876 Bell uttered the first famous words into the device to his assistant in the next room "Mr. Watson, come here I want to see you".
On June 2, 1875, Alexander Graham Bell while experimenting with his technique called "harmonic telegraph" discovered he could hear sound over a wire. The sound was that of a twanging clock spring.
Educated to pursue a career in the same specialty, his knowledge of the nature of sound led him not only to teach the deaf, but also to invent the telephone. As President James Garfield lay dying of an assassin's bullet in 1881, Bell hurriedly invented a metal detector in an unsuccessful attempt to locate the fatal slug.
The first exchange outside the United States was built in London in 1879. The exchange involved a group of operators working at a large switchboard. The operators would answer an incoming telephone call and connect it manually to the party being called. The first automatic telephone exchange was patented by Almon Strowger of Kansas City in 1891 and installed in 1892, but manual switchboards remained in common use until the middle of the twentieth century.

Answer 3

The patent for the telephone was granted to Alexander Graham Bell on March 7th 1876, at that time he resided in Salem, Massachusetts.

Alexander Graham Bell invented his telephone as a result of his research into improving the telegraph system. He was experimenting into improving the system so multiple telegraphs could be sent at the same time (his theory "harmonic telegraph" was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the different signals differed in pitch). However at the same time he was working on a novel idea that speech could be transmited electronically as he discovered by accident that the sound of a spring being twanged could be heard over his harmonic telegraph system. Almost a year later in March 1876 Bell uttered the first famous words into the device to his assistant in the next room "Mr. Watson, come here I want to see you".
On June 2, 1875, Alexander Graham Bell while experimenting with his technique called "harmonic telegraph" discovered he could hear sound over a wire. The sound was that of a twanging clock spring.
Educated to pursue a career in the same specialty, his knowledge of the nature of sound led him not only to teach the deaf, but also to invent the telephone. As President James Garfield lay dying of an assassin's bullet in 1881, Bell hurriedly invented a metal detector in an unsuccessful attempt to locate the fatal slug.
The first exchange outside the United States was built in London in 1879. The exchange involved a group of operators working at a large switchboard. The operators would answer an incoming telephone call and connect it manually to the party being called. The first automatic telephone exchange was patented by Almon Strowger of Kansas City in 1891 and installed in 1892, but manual switchboards remained in common use until the middle of the twentieth century.

Answer 4

给你两个版本的答案参考：

1 How the Telephone was Invented

The patent for the telephone was granted to Alexander Graham Bell on March 7th 1876, at that time he resided in Salem, Massachusetts.

Alexander Graham Bell invented his telephone as a result of his research into improving the telegraph system. He was experimenting into improving the system so multiple telegraphs could be sent at the same time (his theory "harmonic telegraph" was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the different signals differed in pitch). However at the same time he was working on a novel idea that speech could be transmited electronically as he discovered by accident that the sound of a spring being twanged could be heard over his harmonic telegraph system. Almost a year later in March 1876 Bell uttered the first famous words into the device to his assistant in the next room "Mr. Watson, come here I want to see you".

Some say Alexander Graham Bell stole the idea from another person.

In 1831, Englishman Michael Faraday (1791-1867) proved that vibrations of metal could be converted to electrical impulses. This was the technological basis of the telephone, but no one actually used this system to transmit sound until 1861. In that year, Johann Philip Reis (1834-1874) in Germany is said to have built a simple apparatus that changed sound to electricity and back again to sound. A crude device, it was incapable of transmitting most frequencies, and it was never fully developed.

A practical telephone was actually invented independently by two men working in the United States, Elisha Gray (1835-1910) and Scottish-born Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922). Incredibly, both men filed for a patent on their designs at the New York patent office on February 14, 1876, with Bell beating Gray by only two hours! Although Gray had built the first steel diaphragm / electromagnet receiver in 1874, he wasn't able to master the design of a workable transmitter until after Bell had. Bell had worked tirelessly, experimenting with various types of mechanisms, while Gray had become discouraged.

According to the famous story, the first fully intelligible telephone call occurred on March 6, 1876, when Bell, in one room, called to his assistant in another room. "Come here, Watson, I want you." . This conversation occured at the Bell Residence in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. In what is now the Bell Museum which can be visited to this day.

Watson heard the request through a receiver connected to the transmitter that Bell had designed, and what followed after that is a history of the founding of the Bell Telephone Company (later AT&T), which grew to be the largest telephone company in the world.

The first telephone system, known as an exchange, which is a practical means of communicating between many people who have telephones, was installed in Hartford, Connecticut in 1877, and the first ex-change linking two major cities was established between New York and Boston in 1883. The first exchange outside the United States was built in London in 1879. The exchange involved a group of operators working at a large switchboard. The operators would answer an incoming telephone call and connect it manually to the party being called. The first automatic telephone exchange was patented by Almon Strowger of Kansas City in 1891 and installed in 1892, but manual switchboards remained in common use until the middle of the twentieth century.

Some Canadians claim Alexander Graham Bell as their own.

However, if the timeline given on http://www.cbc.ca/greatest/top_ten/nominee/bell-alexander-graham.html is correct, Bell moved from Scotland to Brantford, Ontario, with his parents in 1870 and moved to Boston when he was 23. Since he was born in 1847, he could have lived there for only a few months. This Canadian website claims he got his inspiration for the telephone in his "dreaming place" on his parents' Canadian estate, but his laboratory was in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Here is more input:

It appears that "the jury is still out" on who actually invented the telephone, and whether Mr. Bell appropriated the ideas of others when he filed for, and was awarded, the first patent for the telephone. Rather than accepting "statements of fact" offered on this forum, readers might be better served by Googling Antonio Meucci (and others) and reading some of the many well documented discussions regarding this issue.

While it is true that at the time Bell had a labratory in Boston, in which the prototype was constructed, it was tested and made operable at the Bell manor in Brantford, Ontario

2 The History of the Telephone

In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.

The telegraph and telephone are both wire-based electrical systems, and Alexander Graham Bell's success with the telephone came as a direct result of his attempts to improve the telegraph.

When Bell began experimenting with electrical signals, the telegraph had been an established means of communication for some 30 years. Although a highly successful system, the telegraph, with its dot-and-dash Morse code, was basically limited to receiving and sending one message at a time. Bell's extensive knowledge of the nature of sound and his understanding of music enabled him to conjecture the possibility of transmitting multiple messages over the same wire at the same time. Although the idea of a multiple telegraph had been in existence for some time, Bell offered his own musical or harmonic approach as a possible practical solution. His "harmonic telegraph" was based on the principle that several notes could be sent simultaneously along the same wire if the notes or signals differed in pitch.

By October 1874, Bell's research had progressed to the extent that he could inform his future father-in-law, Boston attorney Gardiner Greene Hubbard, about the possibility of a multiple telegraph. Hubbard, who resented the absolute control then exerted by the Western Union Telegraph Company, instantly saw the potential for breaking such a monopoly and gave Bell the financial backing he needed. Bell proceeded with his work on the multiple telegraph, but he did not tell Hubbard that he and Thomas Watson, a young electrician whose services he had enlisted, were also exploring an idea that had occurred to him that summer - that of developing a device that would transmit speech electrically.

Model of Alexander Graham Bell's Telephone

This model of Bell's first telephone (right) is a duplicate of the instrument through which speech sounds were first transmitted electrically (1875).

While Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson worked on the harmonic telegraph at the insistent urging of Hubbard and other backers, Bell nonetheless met in March 1875 with Joseph Henry, the respected director of the Smithsonian Institution, who listened to Bell's ideas for a telephone and offered encouraging words. Spurred on by Henry's positive opinion, Bell and Watson continued their work. By June 1875 the goal of creating a device that would transmit speech electrically was about to be realized. They had proven that different tones would vary the strength of an electric current in a wire. To achieve success they therefore needed only to build a working transmitter with a membrane capable of varying electronic currents and a receiver that would reproduce these variations in audible frequencies.

On June 2, 1875, Alexander Graham Bell while experimenting with his technique called "harmonic telegraph" discovered he could hear sound over a wire. The sound was that of a twanging clock spring.

Bell's greatest success was achieved on March 10, 1876, marked not only the birth of the telephone but the death of the multiple telegraph as well. The communications potential contained in his demonstration of being able to "talk with electricity" far outweighed anything that simply increasing the capability of a dot-and-dash system could imply.

Alexander Graham Bell's notebook entry of 10 March 1876 describes his successful experiment with the telephone. Speaking through the instrument to his assistant, Thomas A. Watson, in the next room, Bell utters these famous first words, "Mr. Watson -- come here -- I want to see you."

Born on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Alexander Graham Bell was the son and grandson of authorities in elocution and the correction of speech. Educated to pursue a career in the same specialty, his knowledge of the nature of sound led him not only to teach the deaf, but also to invent the telephone.

Bell's unceasing scientific curiosity led to invention of the photophone, to significant commercial improvements in Thomas Edison's phonograph, and to development of his own flying machine just six years after the Wright Brothers launched their plane at Kitty Hawk. As President James Garfield lay dying of an assassin's bullet in 1881, Bell hurriedly invented a metal detector in an unsuccessful attempt to locate the fatal slug.