Question

在线寻求翻译,急~谢谢!

要在商务活动中解决跨文化冲突，必须遵循正确的礼貌原则。
关于跨文化交 际中的礼貌原则，前人做出了大量研究。美国语言哲学家格莱斯1967年提出了“合作原则”。他把说话者和听话者在会话中共同遵守的原则概括为量的准则、质 的准则、关系准则和方式准则。20世纪80年代，英国语言学家利奇在格莱斯“合作原则”的基础上，从修辞学、语体学的角度出发，提出了著名的“礼貌原 则”，其中包括得体准则、慷慨准则、赞誉准则、谦虚准则、一致准则和同情准则，其核心内容为：尽量使自己吃亏，而使别人获利，以取得对方的好感，从而使交 际顺利进行，并使自己从中获得更大的利益。
中西方两种文化有着不同的礼貌评判标准和实现方略。汉文化重视谦逊准则，而西方文化则突出得体准则。谦逊准则要求人们尽量减少对自己的表扬，尽量贬低自己。西方文化则认为欣然接受对方的赞扬可以避免损害对方的面子，因而是礼貌的。
然而，在跨文化交际中产生失误的根源主要是交际双方没有取得文化认同。文化认同是人类对于文化的倾向共识与认可，是人类对自然认知的升华，是支配人类行为的思想准则和价值取向。在跨文化交际中文化认同是相互的，人类需要这种相互的文化认同，以便超越文化交流的重重障碍
只有尊重并且认同双方文化，从而运用良好的礼仪方式进行交流、沟通，才能使双方在商务活动中达成共识，进而取得成功的合作。

Answer 1

Must solve the cross cultural conflict in the commercial activity,must follow the correct politeness principle.
About the cross cultural human relations in politeness principle, thepredecessor has made the massive research.
The American languagephilosopher in 1967 proposed "the cooperation principle". Heis conversing the Chinese Communist Party the speaker and beingobedient with the principle which observes to summarize for thequantity criterion, the archery target criterion, the relationalcriterion and the way criterion. 1980s, English linguists in"cooperation principle" in the foundation, from therhetoric, the language body study angle embarked, proposed famous"politeness principle", including the appropriate criterion, thegenerous criterion, the praise criterion, the modest criterion, theconsistent criterion and the sympathetic criterion, its core contentwas: Causes oneself to suffer a loss as far as possible, but causesthe others to make a profit, obtains opposite party favorableimpression, thus causes the human relations smoothly to carry on, andcauses oneself to obtain a bigger benefit.
Center the western two kind of cultures have the different politenessjudgment standard and the realization plan. The Chinese culture takesthe humble criterion, but western culture then prominent appropriatecriterion. The humble criterion requests the people to reduce as faras possible to own praise, disparages as far as possible oneself. Thewestern culture thought accepts with pleasure opposite party praise tobe allowed to avoid harming opposite party face, thus is politeness.
However, has the fault root in the cross cultural human relationsmainly is human relations both sides has not obtained the culturalapproval. The cultural approval is the humanity regarding the culturaltendency mutual recognition and the approval, is the humanity to thenatural cognition sublimation, is controls the human behavior thethought criterion and the value orientation. In the cross culturalhuman relations Chinese-adapted approval is mutual, the humanity needsthis kind of mutual cultural approval, in order to surmountingcultural exchange layer on layer barrier Only respects and approves the bilateral culture, thus utilizesthe good etiquette way to carry on the exchange, the communication,can enable both sides to achieve the mutual recognition in thecommercial activity, then obtains the success the cooperation.