Question

求助帮忙翻译啊

Without exception, new forms of social assistance in Latin America target the poor and poorest. The selection of beneficiaries explicitly aims to identify the poor and poorest households and to focus programme resources on them. In most cases, this involves a mix of selection techniques. Progresa used geographic targeting to identify communities in rural Mexico with the highest levels of marginalisation, then a proxy means test to rank households on several deficit indicators, and finally community validation. This is closely replicated in the PRAF II programme in Honduras, except that poverty incidence in marginalised communities is so high that it makes more sense to select out the non-poor than to select in the poor. In Brazil's Bolsa Familia,and BPC, the targeting mix involves a comparison of per capita household income with the national poverty line. This is combined with category-based indicators, such as a minimum age of entitlement (BPC). Chile Solidario relies on a proxy means test ranking households on a range of deficit indicators, and is used jointly as a selection tool for all programmes focused on the poor in Chile. Finally, the BONOSOI employs categorical and cohort targeting as it applies to all those over aged 21 by 1995 in Bolivia, on reaching the ale of 65 .

Answer 1

毫无例外,新形式的社会救助在拉丁美洲的目标穷人和贫穷。受益人明确目标的选择来识别穷人和贫穷的家庭,把节目资源在他们身上。在大多数情况下,这就牵涉到一个混合的选择技术。有条件现金使用地理对象,以确定在农村社区与墨西哥的最高层次,然后一省代理意味着测试指标等级居民家庭几个赤字,并最终社区的验证。这是实现在PRAF密切,除非计划在宏都拉斯二世在那贫困发生率边缘化社区是如此之高,它会更有意义,选择出非贫困比选择在穷人。在巴西的Bolsa家人和BPC外,目标的比较混合涉及家庭人均收入与国家的贫困线。这是结合各层级分类类目指标,如最小年龄限制的权利(BPC)。智利Solidario依赖于一种代理意味着测试排名家庭对于一系列的赤字指示器,以及作为一种选择是共同使用的工具,所有的课程都集中在穷人在智利。最后,BONOSOI雇佣了类别相似性和队列将它应用在所有那些超过21岁到1995年在玻利维亚,在到达ale的65岁以上的人。