宾语从句与定语从句的区别在哪啊

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宾语从句
(一) 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。 当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的 影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如: She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时) 当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如: He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时) *当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时, 宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如: The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。 She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。 宾语从句(二) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如: We don't know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。 The question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事。 Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。 试比较: 当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如: I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。 当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如: I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去。

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
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学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。
1.连接词
 连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which(指事),who(指人)
 1.1从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。
 1.2从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
 1.3从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。   注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他
2.判断时态情况:
 1.1主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况。
 1.2主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时。

定语从句:
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
(二)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(三)关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
city in which./where I was born.
(四)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句: 不用逗号和主句隔开;是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除;翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…”;在关系词的使用上,做宾语时可省略、可用that 、可用who代替whom。
2.非限制性定语从句:用逗号和主句隔开;是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整;通常翻译成主句的并列句;在关系词的使用上,不可省、不用that 、不用who代替whom。
限制性定语从句举例:
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
非限制性定语从句举例:
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
练习
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
  A. There B. This C. That D. It
  答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无实义。此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
  2.A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.(NMET2001)
  A.how B.after C.what D.when
  答案C。从句子结构可知,句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语,因此,此处的连接词应该用what。
  3. He asked ____ for a violin.(MET1992)
  A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
  C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
  答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,句子语序要用陈述语序。
  4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001年春季招生)
  A. when B. how C. whether D. why
  答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
  5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
  A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
  答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句,而从句中wants缺少宾语,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的;排除A和D,whichever表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些”,应表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范围,所以应选 B.whatever,表示“无论什么”。
  6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
  A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
  答案C。本题句子的意思是:无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句,连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句,并在从句中作主语,相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词,不能引导从句,况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”,与题意不符,如果要选A. Anyone或B. The person,都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
  7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)
  A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
  答案为C。本题句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D,从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行。
  8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
  ---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
  A. why B. what C. when D. where
  答案A。根据语境,甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境,下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”
  9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
  A. when B. how C. where D. what
  答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语,排除D.what,而答案C, D均与题意不符,所以应选A.when。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态,本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
  10.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter ____ it was?(2001春季招生)
  A.where B.what C.how D.which
  答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析,应是哪本书,所以要填which,这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容,是哪一本书重要吗?”。
  11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
  A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)
  答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导,接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后,用来解释或说明名词的内容。
  12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.
  —Yes, it could be.
  —I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
  A、if B、how C、what D、that
  答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句,而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词,可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分,我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
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抽搐的孔夫子
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我说的简单一点吧
首先,定语从句前边必须有先行词,而先行词为名词或者代词。而宾语从句前面没有先行词,他一般跟在实义动词(作谓语)的后面。这是最简单的判定方法。
希望我的回答对你有帮助。
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取个名称真难30
2011-05-18
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定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词叫做定语从句。
关系代词
关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.] 2. 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 3. 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which: a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时; b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略; c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时; d)先行词中既有人又有物时;
判断介词和关系代词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。) (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案:例1 D,例2 A 例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中,is后应跟表语,只有the one可以,而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。 (b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时,只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物,在主句中作表语时. (g) 为了避免重复. (h)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 举例: Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗? Who that break the window should be punished. 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚. All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 that必用 1先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰 2是序数词或被序数词修饰 3不定代词 4先行词即指人又指物 5被only;the every,no,one of等修饰 6主句有which;who;whom 7there be 句型中 8如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用了which,另一个关系代词宜用that 9先行词在主句中作表语,或者关系代词本身作从句的表语是宜用that that在作宾语时可省
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从
句和形容词的宾
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态

参考资料: 英语宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句,状语从句的定义和区别,

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霜之曳
2011-05-08
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判断宾语从句与定语从句最简单的方法就是看引导词(比如that)前面是名词还是动词
如果是名词就是定语从句,是动词就是宾语从句啦
对待大多数问题可以这样看
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