Question

They are teachers and don't realize what it takes to start and run a company.

为什么是 what it takes ，而不是what takes it 或者what they take ?还有这是什么语法

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Answer 1

what it takes 是间接引语。这里的 it 是虚词。
陈述句：
It takes me 3 hours to do this. 做这件事让我花了3小时。
It takes effort to build a company. 成立一家公司是需要努力的。

疑问句：
How much time does it take you to do this? 做这件事让你花了多少时间？
What does it take to build a company? 成立一家公司需要什么？
How many faliures does it take to make you realize this is impossible? 要经过多少失败才能让你了解这是不可能的？

根据以上疑问句，间接引语是：
I don't know how much time it takes her to do this. 我不知道做这件事让她花了多少时间。
They don't realize what it takes to build a company. 他们不懂成立一家公司需要什么。

I asked you how many faliures it took to make you realize this was impossible. 我问过你要经过多少失败才能了解这是不可能的。